Tooth decay and gum disease are caused by bacteria that constantly coat the teeth with a sticky film called plaque. If plaque is not brushed away, these bacteria break down the sugars and starches in foods to produce acids that destroy the tooth enamel. The plaque also hardens into tartar, which can lead to gum inflammation, or gingivitis. Gingivitis is a very common condition that causes the gums to redden, swell, and bleed. Left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, an advanced infection of the gums that causes teeth to loosen and fall out.

Symptoms and Signs: Caries initially involves only the enamel and produces no symptoms, but when the cavity invades the dentin you will already experience pain, first when hot, cold, or sweet foods or beverages contact the involved tooth, and later with chewing. Pain can be intense and persistent when the pulp is severely involved.

Causes of tooth decay:

• Poor oral hygiene.
• Dried fruits can have harmful effect on teeth because they are high in sugar and cling to the teeth. Even unsweetened fruit juices can contribute to tooth decay because they are acidic and contain relatively high levels of simple sugars. Drinks containing artificial sweeteners can also do harm because they increase the acidity of the mouth.
• Dry mouth. Saliva decreases mouth acidity and washes away food particles therefore a dry mouth may contribute to dental decay, because saliva flow is reduced during sleep, and therefore, going to bed without brushing the teeth is especially harmful.

Prevention:

• Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a fluoride-containing toothpaste and floss to help prevent gingivitis.
• Consume calcium-rich foods to help keep teeth strong.
• Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables for vitamins A and C, these vitamins helps promote healthy gums. Munching on hard, fibrous foods, such as celery stick or carrot stimulates the gums.
• Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and oral exam. Ask your dentist about dental sealants (a plastic protective coating) applied to the chewing surfaces of your back teeth (molars) to protect them from decay.

Beneficial foods:

• Low-fat dairy products, canned fish (such as sardines or salmon consumed with the bones), and dark green leafy vegetables are all excellent sources of calcium. Another excellent source of calcium is cheese (especially cheddar and other aged cheeses) which is more beneficial when consumed at the end of a meal.
• Vitamin D which is obtained from egg yolks, fortified dairy products, and moderate exposure to the sun.
• Minerals needed for the formation of tooth enamel include phosphorus (good sources are meat, fish, and eggs) and magnesium (found in whole grains, spinach, and bananas).
• Vitamin A helps build strong bones and teeth. Good sources of beta carotene, which the body turns into vitamin A, include orange-colored fruits and vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables and dark green leafy vegetables.
• The tannins and cocoa in chocolate helps reduce the impact of sugars in teeth.
• Chewing sugarless gum stimulates the flow of saliva, which decreases acid and flushes out food particles.

Tip: Parents should never put babies or toddlers to bed accompanied by a bottle of milk (which contains the natural sugar lactose), juice, or other sweet drink, nor should they dip pacifiers in honey or syrup.