Building Sentences Ω: Ten Ways to Combine Two Sentences into a Longer, More Complex One
661. Independent clauses (uncombined)
- can stand on their own as sentences
- Ex. Rabid pigs are racing frantically around my living room.
2. “Semicolonically-connected clauses” (I made this term up.)
- can stand on their own as sentences
- Ex. Rabid pigs are racing frantically around my living room; we should run far, far away.
- may include transitional words where the clauses meet
- Ex. Rabid pigs are racing frantically around my living room; therefore, we should run far, far away.
3. Coordinate clauses
- AKA “Independent clauses beginning with one of the FANBOYS”
- can stand on their own as sentences
- Combining one with another independent clause forms a compound sentence.
- Ex. We should run far, far away, for rabid pigs are running frantically around my living room.
4. Adverb clauses
- AKA subordinate clauses; begin with a subordinating conjunction like because, if, or since
- dependent; punctuating them as sentences will create fragments
- act like adverbs
- Combining one with another independent clause forms a complex sentence.
- Ex. We should run far, far away since rabid pigs are running frantically around my living room.
5. Adjective clauses
- dependent; punctuating them as sentences will create fragments
- act like adjectives
- are found right after the noun or noun phrase they modify
- begin with relative pronouns (that, which, who, whom, whose)
- Ex. I fear the rabid pigs that are running frantically around my living room.
6. Noun clauses
- dependent; punctuating them as sentences will create fragments or apparent questions
- act like nouns
- Ex. I fear whatever is running frantically around my living room.
7. Noun-phrase appositives
- phrases
- act like nouns
- set off by commas
- Ex. Rabid pigs, wild-eyed swine with foam-flecked tusks, run frantically around my living room.
8. Present participial phrases
- phrases
- act like adjectives
- present participles end in –ing (thinking, striking, bringing)
- Ex. I ran away from the rabid pigs running frantically around my living room.
- Ex. Running frantically around my living room, the rabid pigs slobbered everywhere.
9. Past participial phrases
- past participles end in –ed (thanked), -en (stricken), or some irregular form (brought)
- phrases
- act like adjectives
- Ex. I bought replacements for the items destroyed by the rabid pigs.
- Ex. Destroyed by the rabid pigs, my living room now looks terrible.
10. Noun-Phrase Absolutes
- phrases
- consist of a participle or participial phrase combined with a subject
- set off by pairs of commas
- Ex. Rabid pigs, their eyes blazing with foamy madness, run frantically around my living room.
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