Chloasma is a discoloration of the skin occurring mostly in woman and appearing usually on the face. They range in color from yellowish to dark brown and occur mostly on the cheeks, forehead, and the bridge of the nose. Chloasma is most often associated with pregnancy, at which time there is also a darkening of the nipples, areola, and vulva. The effect of chloasma may become more pronounced with each pregnancy. Chloasma affect about 70% of pregnant women, and those women with darker complexions are more prone to this than women with lighter skin. Chloasma may also occur in women who are not pregnant and sometimes even in men.

Cause:

• Chloasma in pregnant women is believed to be caused by combined action of sunlight and hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, and the melanocyte-stimulating hormone produced by the pituitary gland). A few months after the woman gives birth, chloasma may fade or disappear completely without medication.
• It may also be due to chronic illnesses, malnutrition, or hypothyroidism.
• Using contraceptive pills, which contain female sex hormones, is another factor that can cause chloasma in non-pregnant women.

Prevention:

• Stay out of the sun as much as possible and to always apply sunscreen at least SPF 30 or higher. Reapply often during the day if you are outside.
• Do not use harsh skin cleanser, lotion and cream because this will make you more prone to skin discoloration.

Treatment:

• If your skin discoloration doesn't disappear after your pregnancy you can try over the counter whitening product that contain low doses of hydroquinone. The whitening products don't actually bleach the skin but it prevents melanocytes from overproducing pigment.
• If the discolorations affect the deeper layer of the skin consult your dermatologist because they can prescribe to you the best product for your condition.

Caution: Breastfeeding mothers should be cautious when taking (whitening pills) and using any whitening product because some of these are excreted in breast milk.