Bedwetting, medically known as nocturnal enuresis is an inability to control the flow of urine, and "nocturnal" means that this happens at night. It's very important for parents to teach their child to be independent in this area otherwise they'll feel ashamed and this will adversely effect their self-esteem,perhaps for a long time. Parents should not shame their child. These practices are despicable and a form of child abuse. It is a very common problem and can be easily cured.

It's common for toddlers to wet the bed, as they have not yet learned to control the flow of urine effectively. However, bedwetting can be a problem for older children and even for adult.

A child may wet the bed one or more times per night. Sometimes have problems staying dry during the day, too. Bedwetting occurs on most nights in 15% of five year olds and is still a problem for up to 3% of 15 year olds. It's not an illness, but a condition that can be treated effectively and permanently.

Causes of Bedwetting

Urine is stored in the bladder upto a certain limit. Bladder stretches like a balloon as it fills up. Urine passes out through the urethra. If a child is asleep and the brain does not "hear" this message, the bladder empties anyway.

The cause of bedwetting is unknown, but some factors are linked to it.

• Bladder size - Bladder size may be the problem for some. Bedwetting can occur due to a small bladder size.
• Inherited aspect - The cause may be genetically. Children whose parents used to wet the bed are more prone to wet bed.
• Constipation - Constinpation may be responsible for bedwetting.
  
• Delayed growth and development - some children’s nervous system is not mature enough to be able to sense when the bladder is full.
• Diet - dairy products, citrus fruits, chocolate and foods containing high levels of artificial colour and sweetener have been connected with bedwetting.
• Psychological and social factors - the cause of bed-wetting is not related to emotional problems. Some children who wet the bed tend to be less mature and self-reliant.

It's best to talk openly to your child about the problem. Give reassurance that he or she is not ill and that this problem can be solved. Praise all signs of improvement and all your child's efforts to conquer the problem. Do not blame, criticise or punish your child for bed wetting.

Tips for a dry night

• Take care that the  child visits the toilet just before going to bed.
• Make it easy for your child to reach the toilet.
• Encourage your child to return to her own bed after it has been changed.

Parents can be very good teachers as well apart from being very good guides and mentors. There are a number of good issues and topics that you can teach your child as a responsible parent. However, nothing could be as important as teaching your child good mannerisms and an exemplary sense of responsibility. Teaching responsibly to your kid means assisting to learn and understand the ways and methods by which your kid can interact with friends and strangers. It also involves displaying self respect and empathy towards others.

Mind you no kid in this world comes studded or equipped with very good behavior and mannerisms. Nor do any child takes his or her birth preprogrammed with character traits like willingness to share and distribute, respect the feelings of others, show respect towards authority and empathize with impoverished children. It is possible to teach considerate behavior and responsible mannerisms when your child is still young and tender; this will help your child to completely develop the behavior when she or he grows up and becomes adult.

The first lesson begins at your home and you are also the first teacher who is trying to transform your kid into a responsible citizen. Primary lessons start in the cozy ambience of your home and the first basic lesson is setting a good example on a daily and consistent basis. As a parent, you can perform this by:

• Exhibit a high level of mature behavior in how you deal with people, both close and strangers

• Exhibit a very high level of tolerance in reacting to a stressful and critical situation

• Show your kids how you can manage people with your ultra people friendly behavior, in what ways can you manage divergent opinions and handle conflicts and disagreements

A guide to child's development

There are five patterns of headache.

1. Acute headache: Single episode of head pain without history of previous headache. This may be caused by fever or systemic infection, sinus, ocular, dental or ear disease.

2. Acute- recurrent headache: Pattern of head pain separated by symptom-free intervals. This may be caused by migraine or migraine variants.

3. Chronic-progressive headache:

Gradual increase in frequency and severity of headache. This may be caused by tumor, hydrocephalous, brain abscess.

4. Chronic- non progressive (or chronic-daily) headache: Frequent or constant headache. This may be caused by depression or anxiety.

5. Mixed headache: Acute-recurrent headache (usually migraine) superimposed on a chronic-daily headache pattern.

Routine radiological testing is not indicated in all children with recurrent headaches. MRI/CT may be needed in children with recent onset of severe headache, change in the type of headache or abnormal neurological signs, if the headache wakes the child up in the middle of the night or if the child has early morning headaches.

Tips to managing headache in children