Dog anatomy (bones'/muscles' names)
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Jaw, Mouth, Skull Normally, a well fed and well cared dog, a dog that exercises enough, will happily live for many years. Nevertheless, recognizing the first symptoms of any health problem is part of the owner's responsibility. Fulfilling these responsibilities will turn to be a lot easier if the owner understands how the animal's body work. THE SKELETON The skeleton is the frame over which the dog's anatomy is structured. Along with a complex systems of muscles and tendons, it allows the dog to stand on its paws, sit, run, jump or walk. The muscles, firmly anchored on the bones, are the ones that put the dog's skeleton in motion. The bones are hollow tubes with a hard and calcified weave filled with bony marrow. They are fed by blood vessels that lead to the inner part through very little holes. When a bone breaks, new cells are formed on its surface, they are designated to fill in the crack. During development, the long bones of the limbs grow by the edge in a process, controlled in a great deal by hormones, which stops when they reach maturity. All the dogs have 30 real vertebras, that are added to the ones in the tale. The number of vertebras there varies from one breed to another. Of the real vertebras, 7 are cervical (neck frame), 13 are thoracic (back frame) and they are attached to the ribs. Other 7 vertebras are lumbar (kidney frame). The spinal cord is located in the channel formed by the vertebras of the spinal column, with the purpose of protecting such a vital organ. The type of bite, or the way in which the upper teeth fit with the lower ones, is determined by the length of the lower jaw. There are four types of bite: the scissors bite (the upper teeth perfectly fit with the lower ones); the prognatic bite (the lower teeth are ahead compared to the upper ones because the jaw is bigger than the maxillary); the protrude bite (the lower teeth are behind the upper ones because the lower jaw is smaller than the maxillary) and the normal or standard bite (the upper and lower teeth are lined up to the same level). All these configurations of the jaw are correct as long as they fit with the morphology of each breed. For example, the prognatism would be an inadmissible defect on a Golden Retriever, while it is perfectly normal of a Bulldog. The type of bite can enormously vary among the breeds and it is clearly specified on their respective standards. Adult dogs have a total of 42 pieces. The incisive teeth are used to cut; the canines, to tear apart and the molars to break and chew. The dogs also have some special teeth, very strong, called carnivorous teeth, that let them chew even the hardest materials. heated dog houses SKULL SHAPES: The skull shape in a dog varies from one breed to another, even when the bones that are part of it are the same in all the cases. There are three types of very different morphologies. The breed with narrowed and elongated skulls, as the Afgans, are called Dolicocefalous, while the ones with flattened skulls, as the Bulldogs and the Boxers, are called Braquicefalous and the ones located among these extremes are known as Mesocefalous. No matter what the shape it is, the skull always create a closed cavity, which upper part is named cranial cavity. The maxillar bone constitutes the upper jaw and the lower jaw is attached to the skull through an articulation. The bony sheets that form the cranial cavity are welded in the center of the frontal zone after birth, as well as it occurs with human babies. In some breeds in which the skull is too convex, as the Chihuahua this process doesn't occur in a complete way, what makes the dog specially vulnerable to brain damages. cat house heater & outdoor cat house Dog Anatomy, Skeleton
The organ systems include:
1. The cardiovascular system (dog) includes the heart and blood vessels. The cardiovascular system performs the function of pumping and carrying blood to the rest of the body. The blood contains nutrients and oxygen to provide energy to allow the cells of the body to perform work.
2. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system that helps the body fight off disease. The lymphatic system also works with the cardiovascular system to return fluids that escape from the blood vessels back into the blood stream.
3. The digestive system (dog) includes the mouth, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver and gall bladder. The digestive system absorbs and digests food and eliminates solid wastes from the body.
4. The integumentary system is the skin and fur that cover the animal's body. The skin protects the underlying organs. The fur helps insulate against heat loss. Dogs and cats do not sweat through their skin. They only sweat from their footpads and nose. They lose water by panting rather than sweating.
5. The musculoskeletal system includes all the muscles, bones and joints.
6. The respiratory system (dog) includes the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs and smaller airways (bronchi and bronchioles). The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and eliminating waste gases like carbon dioxide. Because dogs and cats do not sweat through the skin, the respiratory system also plays an important role in regulation of temperature.
7. The urogenital system (dog) includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra and the genital organs of box sexes. The urinary system is responsible for removing waste products from blood and eliminating them as urine. The genital organs are involved in reproduction.
8. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and all the nerves that communicate between tissues and the brain and spinal cord.
9. The endocrine system includes several glands that produce hormones. Hormones are substances that travel through the blood stream and affect other organs. Endocrine organs include the thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and part of the pancreas.
10. The organs of special senses (dog) allow the animal to interact with its environment; sight, taste, smell and hearing.
11. The hematopoietic system includes the bone marrow which is located inside the bones. Three types of blood cells are made in the bone marrow: white blood cells that fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen and platelets that are part of the blood clotting process.
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Chris Miller says:
4 months ago
Nice hub.Good work.Thanks for the info.