Manganese is an essential trace mineral. Human body contain about 12 to 20 mg. of manganese, which is concentrated in the liver, kidney, pancreas, skin, muscles and bones.

Manganese is needed for bone development and maintenance of strong bones. It is also important in the utilization of thiamine, helps to activate enzymes that are necessary for the body's proper use of biotin, B1 and vitamin C.

Other Function of Manganese in the Body :

1. Manganese is important in the formation of thyroxin, the principal hormone of the thyroid gland.
2. Helps in the formation of substances that combat infection.
3. For protein build up such as nucleic acid.
4. Good adjunct in the treatment of diabetes such as eating of alfalfa and spinach.
5. Needed for failing memory.

Symptoms of Deficiency :

• Poor bone growth, Diabetes, Loss of weight, Slowed growth of hair and nails, Poor muscle coordination, Dizziness, Ear noises

Causes of Toxicity :

1. Few cases of manganese toxicity have resulted from ingesting large dose of the mineral supplement for 4 to 5 years.
2. Drinking water from well contaminated with manganese from buried batteries, and prolonged
3. Exposure and inhalation of ore dust.

Sign of Toxicity :

• Poor appetite, Apathy, Depression, Weakness, Impotence, Disturbed sleep, Temporary insanity, Dementia, Violence
• Parkinsonism (muscular rigidity, tremor, monotone voice, "frozen" masklike face).

Recommended Daily Intake :

• Daily Requirement - 5 mg.
• Supplemental Dosage - For tardive dyskinesia (abnormal or disordered movement) 30 to 60 mg. /day.

Food Sources :

• Green leafy vegetables, beans, whole grains (unpolished), nuts, coffee, tea, egg yolk (contain high cholesterol).

Note : Trace minerals; use only under doctors guidance.