Global Warming and Climate Change are the most pressing concerns facing today's world.  Since the industrial revolution,  mankind has been burning fossil fuel for transport, domestic purposes and to produce electricity on a scale that has caused worldwide air and water pollution and produced greenhouse gases, threatening all life of the planet.  With the Global Warming crisis already having a measurable effect on current weather patterns, sea levels and environment, it has become imperative that the countries of the world pool their resources and find clean energy sources to reduce its effects.

The pressing need of the hour is energy that will have zero emissions and will not run out like fossil fuels, also known as clean or zero-emission renewable energy.  While the sun is the largest source of this kind of energy, there are other sources like water, wind and geothermal energy as well.  However, tapping these types of energy and converting them into usable forms needs research, innovation and ingenuity.

The two most common forms of energy we use are heat and electricity. Heat is the energy of moving particles in any substance. The faster the particles move, the warmer the substance is. Electricity is the energy of electrons moving along a conductor like a copper electrical wire. Energy is easily converted from one form to another. This is an important and very useful property, because we rarely produce energy using the same device, or in the same form as what is needed for the task at hand.

Much of our energy supply comes from coal, oil, natural gas, or radioactive elements. They are considered non-renewable because once they are removed from the ground and used, they are not immediately replaced.   Renewable energy on the other hand quickly replaces itself and is usually available in a never-ending supply. Renewable energy comes from the natural flow of sunlight, wind, or water around the Earth.  

Various kinds of Reneable Energy are Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Biomass Energy, Moving Water, etc.

*SOLAR ENERGY

Solar collectors and modules are designed to capture some of the sun's energy and change it from radiation into more usable forms such as heat or electricity. In fact, sunlight is an excellent source of heat and electricity, the two most important forms of energy we consume. Solar energy is becoming increasingly popular for remote power needs such as telecommunication towers, agricultural applications and many other uses around the world.

* WIND ENERGY 

Wind energy is really just another form of solar energy. Sunlight falling on oceans and continents causes air to warm and rise, which in turn generates surface winds.  More recently, wind has been harnessed as a clean, safe source of electricity.

*WATER ENERGY

Today, the energy of falling water is used mainly to drive electrical generators at hydroelectric dams. As long as snow and rainfall can fill the streams and rivers, moving water can be a renewable source of energy. While large hydro projects are considered a source of renewable energy, they may not be sustainable in the long run because of their impact on the environment. 

* BIOMASS ENERGY

In the energy industry, biomass refers to wood, straw, biological waste products such as manure, and other natural materials that contain stored energy. The energy stored in biomass can be released by burning the material directly, or by feeding it to micro-organisms that use it to make biogas, a form of natural gas. Energy from biomass is still used around the world, for everything from cooking and heating to generating electricity. 

The great advantage of using renewable energy in place of fossil fuels is that renewable energy adds very few pollutants to the environment. Renewable energy is considered "clean" and "green."  Most scientists think our planet is likely to become significantly warmer, which could cause many serious problems around the world. These problems could include melting of arctic ice, increased forest fires, rising sea levels, loss of animal habitat, damage to coral reefs, the spreading of tropical diseases, expanding deserts, and more frequent and severe storms.   In short we are naming this as Global Warming and Climate Change.  Our large, untapped supplies of wind, sun, water, and biomass can power our society indefinitely. 

Renewable energy can be developed in such a way that every household or neighbourhood could have its own renewable power generating equipment. This would create many new jobs for people involved in setting up and maintaining this energy supply, and in manufacturing the equipment. It is also more efficient to produce renewable energy in small amounts right where it is needed. The energy losses and equipment needed to transmit power over long distances can also be minimized in this way.