It’s a frightening fact that the numbers and varieties of birds seen in gardens are dropping dramatically. Gardens provide much needed shelter and food for our winged friends. So what can we do to encourage birds into our plots? The most obvious is food.  A lot of us put out extra food in the winter, which is a good idea, however it’s the spring when they breed that birds need us most. Like people different birds like different foods, so feeding stations offering a variety of things are a good idea. Balls of fat for tits, and sparrows.  Black sunflower seeds for blackbirds and collared doves and peanuts for Robins. However something to remember is crush the lager nuts and seeds in the breeding season so the young don’t choke.  Occasionally small amounts of dry breakfast cereals can be put out, but not cooked porridge. Other things not to put out are salted nuts moldy food, milk and polyunsaturated margarines or vegetable oils. The soft fats can easily be smeared onto the feathers, destroying the waterproofing and insulating qualities.  

The feeding station you choose is much down to personal taste, but it must be easy for you to clean it 2 or three times a year. This is vital as when birds gather in large numbers diseases can be spread easily. So it is wise to brush under bird stations and wash them down with warm water and a mild disinfectant.  Even  better still is to rotate them around your plot. Besides food there is a lot a garden can do to help native birds.  

Ponds provide birds with somewhere to drink and bathe, as well as a source of food in the form of insects and plant life.. Birds need shallow water in which to bathe and drink without fear of drowning and for bathing they prefer shallow running water with this in mind think of making a natural access and perching point . Here are a couple of simple inexpensive ideas. Create a bridge over a section of your pond using a tree stump or branch. The branch should dip into the water and rest on the bottom of the pond giving any climbing animal  access. Birds will perch here as will the dragonflies and damsel flies. If you have a waterfall and stream section place a boulder in the middle to create a resting place for birds and also to add character to the flow of the water. Some insects can only breed in running water so these will also provide a meal for visiting birds. If you don’t have room for a pond, water can be provided with a bird bath.  This can be any shallow container with a rim for birds to perch. These should be refreshed weekly and cleaned two or three times a year.  Please I cannot stressed enough how vital it is to clean bird baths and feeding stations as diseases are spread so easily among birds especially in the winter when their immune systems are low.

Nesting boxes are a huge pleasure to have in the garden, though you have to be patient as it may be a couple of years before the box is inhabited.  Different species prefer different openings in the boxes, tits like a hole in the front while robins like an open fronted box. Nesting boxes need to be sited at least two meters off the ground with the entrance hole facing between north and east..  There is some very good advice and plans to build your own bird box on the link below.

Nesting birds appreciate extra supplies for building and lining their nests. Offer short, 3”-4” long  pieces of string, yarn, white tissue, pet hair, dried grass, twigs and straw to supply building materials for nests. Drape the material on shrubs or tree limbs they will soon find it especially in the spring.