Growing the Concord Grape
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The concord grape, was first developed by Ephraim Bull about 150 years ago and is a member of the Vitis labrusca family. Growing the concord grape will means growing a robust very recognizable species, with a color palette that ranges from deep purple to dark blue. The Vitris Labrusca family is know as host for many table and wine grape species, the grape has large seeds and is because of it's aroma also used for jelly, juice and other foods that need a typical "grape taste or bite". When you are interested in growing grapes yourself this species may or may not be a good choice.
About Grapes in America
Today more than 400,000 tons of Concord grapes are produced commercially each
year. Most of them are not found on the grocery store's produce racks, today we
prefer the seedless variety over the large seeded Concord. So when you are
looking for a nice grape species to grow at hone the Concord might not be your
first choice. That's not to say the home gardener cannot grow this variety if
they want to - and can get a cutting. However, it is not necessarily the best
kind to grow if you want eating grapes. Still for the serious wine maker it can
be a good choice. A good overview of what can be grown in this country, is the University of Minnesota. They have published an extensive study about the different grapes varieties that are successfully grown here. Although Minnesota is there point of reference, you should have no problem extrapolation to your local conditions.
The first pick
So long as your climatic conditions and soil are both suitable for the Concord grape vine , there should be no difficulty in growing them. When growing, care must be given to establishing the plant over at least three years before grapes are picked for harvest. That's not to say you won't get any grapes at all for three years.
What you should do is pinch off the flowers for the first two years so that
strength will be established in the roots. The third year you can leave about
half of the flowers to bear, though pinching them all off again is actually
better for the plant.
Exercising your patience in this way will see a strong plant established that
should last for at least 40 more years.
Like many plants, if you simply grow seeds from a bunch of Concord grapes you
bought, they are not likely to be the true variety. They could turn out really
bad grapes - or they could be even better than the Concord, but you won't know
for some years, so why risk wasting all that time? To get the true variety, you
need to buy or beg cuttings, or slips as they are called.
Soil Requirements
All grapes need rich soil with plenty of compost in it. A south-facing slope
is an excellent place to grow Concord grapes, but if you just want one or two
plants growing around your house, make sure they are sited to get the most sun
possible. Weeds and other plants should be kept away from grape vines. This is
especially important for the Concord grape for this species is particular prone
to Black Leaf. This plant disorder inhibits photosynthesis because the grapes
leaf looses it's chlorophyll.
Black Leaf, often thought of as a potassium shortage, is an especially unwanted
condition in fruits because photosynthesis is responsible for the transformation
of sunlight into sugars. This condition has never occurred in my own practice. From the resources I referenced to get more clarity on the matter the short but concise Wikipedia article on black leaf was the basis for my conclusions.
Pruning Your Concord Grapes
Grapes should be pruned in late winter, before the sap starts to rise. Fruit
is borne on last year's growth; so don't take too much off. But yet, if you
don't take enough, the quality of the fruit will be quite poor. When you see the
early spring blossoms, make sure you also prune off any weak spindly growth.
More vines will grow from the end of the blossom and this should be pruned off
at the third or fourth leaf.
Unlike much other fruit, grapes change color well before they are ripe so make
sure you examine the size and taste them before you pick. Under-ripe grapes will
be sour or tart to taste. Growing the concord grape is not especially difficult,
but when you take the possibly problems with this species into consideration it
might be a good idea to have a close look at possible other options.
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