The origin of Goa or Gomantak as it is also known, is lost in the mists of time. In the later Vedic period (c.1000-500 BC), when the Hindu epic Mahabharat was written, Goa has been referred to with the Sanskrit name Gomantak, a word with many meanings, but signifying generally a fertile land.

The most famous legend associated with Goa, is that of the mythical sage Parashuram (the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu), who several thousand years ago created the entire stretch of Konkan coast by ordering the seas to recede. The Sea God gave up the lands on the the banks of the two main rivers of Goa viz. Mandovi and Zuari (then called Gomati and Asghanasini) for the settlement of the Aryans accompanying Parashurama.

Another legend, less well known, states that the coastal area of Konkan enchanted Lord Krishna, who was charmed by the beautiful ladies bathing in the area. The ladies in turn, were so taken up by the melodious music coming from his flute, that they kept dancing forgetting their daily chores. Lord Krishna, then named the land Govapuri after the cows (gov) belonging to the locals.


The history of the sacred land of Gomantak, 'land of the Gods' is well described in Sahyadri Khand of Skandha Purana, the ancient text of Hindu religion. According to this story narrated in the Chapter Shantiparva of Mahabharat, a Brahmin from the Saraswat family, Parashuram, annihilated the entire community of the warrior tribe Kshatriyas and gifted the conquered land to a sage named Kashyapmuni.  

Unfortunately, the Kshatriya annihilation meant that the land was left unadministered and fell into anarchy and chaos. The worried sage Kashyapmuni, requested Parashuram to leave the area and settle elsewhere. Parashuram came south and reclaimed new land by ordering the sea to recede and give up the coastal land. This land known as "Aparant" or "Shurparak" is spread between the Sahyadri mountains and Sindhusagar.

Goa which was liberated on 19th December, 1961 alongwhh Daman and Diu from 451 years Portuguese Colonial Rule, became the 25th State of the Indian Union when it was conferred Statehood on 30th May, 1987.

Although, Goa joined national mainstream only after 14-years of the country's independence, tourist traffic to Goa registered such phenomenal growth that from 2.00 lakhs tourists in 1975 the figure has shot up to 11.26 lakhs in 1996 of which domestic tourists comprise 8.88 lakhs and foreigners account for 2.37 lakhs including almost 73,000 through charter flights from U.K. Germany. Switzerland, Finland.

As on today, the total bed capacity stands at 21,000 beds, of which the public sector account for 10% with the rest in the private sector. With the projected rise in tourist traffic to 14 lakhs by the turn of century, the bed capacity would require further augmentation of at least 20 thousand.

The people of Goa prefer to call themselves Goans and not Goanese as mentioned in guidebooks and brochures. Goans are very much aware of this unique identity; they are proud of it and guard it fiercely.

The population of Goa is composed of a Hindu majority of around 65% and a Christian minority of around 30%. Muslims and other religions make up the rest. The interesting part in all these percentages is that, as is the case with most statistical figures, they conceal more than they can ever reveal.

The Hindu community is dominant in the talukas (districts) of Ponda, Bicholim, Pernem, Satari, Sanguem, Quepem and Canacona. These areas actually form part of the Novas Conquistas, or the New Conquests, made by the Portuguese in the last stage of the expansion of their Goan empire in the eighteenth century.By this time, the Portuguese military might was on the wane and the religious ardour for forced conversions was at its lowest ebb. Hence the population in these newly conquered areas were pretty much left to practise their religion in peace.
The Old Conquests on the other hand, consisting of Salcete, Mormugao, Tiswadi and Bardez bore the brunt of the Portuguese army and the religious zealots. Together, the two arms of the Portuguese empire, managed to destroy temples and converted hundreds of non-Christians in these areas, which are predominantly Christian today.

Fortunately, these bitter memories of the past have done nothing to change the warm, friendly and loving nature of the Goan people. By and large, the Goan considers himself a Goan first and a Hindu, Christian or Muslim afterwards. The bonds of language and the Goan identity are strong enough to allow for different religious persuasions.

In contrast to other parts of India, Goans have developed a remarkable degree of tolerance towards each other's religious beliefs, and hence religious fundamentalism is completely unknown in the state.

The best evidence of this is seen in quite a few places of worship in Goa, where both Hindus and Christians go together. The Damodar temple at Sanguem, the Church of Our Lady of Miracles in Mapusa, the Shantadurga temple at Fatorpa are excellent examples of this unique religious harmony that exists in Goa. Besides these, a number of other festivals in Goa are celebrated by members of both communities with equal fervour.

In proportion to their numbers, a very high percentage of Goans live abroad than the members of most other regional communities of India. But no matter where they might be on the surface of the planet, Goans love to express the adoration of their homeland in some form or the other.

Goa abounds in festivals and fairs around temples and churches which also commemorate eaily legends. They are the occasions when a Goan peasant manifests joy and happiness.

Bhandap: A traditional folk dance performed by the womenfolk of the scheduled tribe community who were the earliest settlers of Goa, in the second half of the Hindu month Bhadrapada.

Corredinho-Portuguese Folk Dance: A peasant dance which is popular among Goan elite youth. Dekhm-Beauty dance: Performed only by women, displays a rare blend of Indian & Western rhythms.

Dhangar Dance: In Navratra days. a vigouious session of worship dance. Fugdi & Dhalo: Folk dance performed by women. The most common folk dance forms of Goa. Ghode Modnr: It is 111 commemoration of the return of the Ranes after victories over the Portuguese in Bicholim and Satari Taluka.

Goff-folk Dance: It manifests joy and happiness of Goa peasants after the harvest, dining Shigmo Festival in Phalgun month. Nanpet-Sword Dance: A traditional warrior dance performed during the Shigmo Festival. Kala & Dashatlai: Folk dance forms representing the subsequent development of jagar as tiatr. Some of the other popular folk drama forms are Ranmale, Ratkala and Tiatr.

Kunbi Dance: Tribal folk dance: A group dance-cum-song thoroughly rustic. Lamp Dance: Performed during Shigmo festival by women Holding lamps on their heads.

Mando: A love song. It represents the mingling of Indian and Western tradition. Monilem: A traditional folk dance presented by the backward community during Shigmo festival.

Mussal-Khel-Pestel Dance: A dance-cum-song in praise of valiant Kings. It also projects incidents in the village life of the times, Romat, Tonya Mel and Dhendio are some other folk dance forms.

Perani Jagar: The earliest form of drama.

Suvari Folk Music: It is a traditional tone setter to ail Hindu religious and festival performances. Talgadi: Folk dance performed by men-a social sophisticated, outdoor group dance for men. Taranga Mel: Banners mela of Farmers.

Tonyamel: Folk dance with sticks- A very vigorous and muscular group dance which is connected with the farm-folk celebrating the joys of good harvest.

Veerbhadra: It is a typical Indian style dance performed in Ponda, Sanguem and Bicholim Talukas.
Zagor: Folk Play- A cultural activity presented in different villages of Goa in different styles by the Gauda community.

Although Goa was made famous for its encouraging attitude towards doing nothing more than lounge by the beach, it's startling just how much else there is to do.

Whether it's at the break of the dawn or dusk, midnight or noon, there is no end of fun and frolic in Goa. The state is plushed with variety of options for the amusement of tourists. If one is longing for a drink check out the pubs and bars situated at all the beach sides and major cities. Or just hangout at the local shacks on the beach any time of the day and enjoy the oceanic panorama.

Those who want to boogie in style, then Goa is a bliss for nightclubs and discothèques. Goa is also home to a number of Casinos and also to Caravela - the only offshore casino located on a ship in India.

A popular alternative to watching the sunset from a beach bar - at least for most Indian tourists - is an evening River Cruise along the Mandovi from Panjim. Snacks and drinks are available, and the price includes a display of Konkani and Portuguese dance accompanied by folk singers in traditional Goan costume, and sometimes a live Hindi cover band.

Nightlife in Goa is exciting and there are many ways to liven up the evening. Goans enjoy going out and it is not unusual to find families out for a night of merriment.

In certain areas, almost every third house has a bar-cum-restaurant. The place may not be anything special, usually just a room in the house that has been opened to the public with a couple of chairs and a table. But the atmosphere is great - totally relaxing and extremely conducive to an enjoyable night out with friends and family.

Most of the places serve exquisite seafood and other Goan delicacies and have well stocked bars. But if you are in the mood to dance to the rhythm of the ocean, get together a group of our friends, some food and drink and hit the beach. You are sure to have a special night - the sand the moon and the pounding waves!

Visitors to Goa tend to think that food and drink in Goa means the famous fish, curry, rice and feni package. And for most Goans these are indeed the three basic necessities of life -- fish, curry and rice.

They combine to make a heavenly daily meal for the average Goan. But Goan cuisine, like the land itself, has many flavours and tastes with its vast treasure trove of culinary delicacies.

The long period of Portuguese rule, besides that of the Muslim and Hindu kingdoms, has left an indelible influence on the original style of Goan cooking and this has led to an exotic mix of truly tasty and spicy cuisine. Most people who sample Goan cuisine, enjoy this different and unique style of food which has a distinct and unique combination of spicy flavours.

A Goan values his food as much as he does his daily siesta (break). And in his daily meal, seafood always has a pride of place is some form or the other. From fried fish to exotic concoctions like ambot-tik, sea food is usually a must on the menu, except for the occasional break for some religious observance.

Goans take pleasure not only in what they eat, but also how they cook it. Although modern conveniences have almost completely taken over in urban areas, the traditional way of cooking in clay pots on firewood continues in most rural areas of Goa. This style of cooking adds an additional smoky flavour to the food, highly valued by Goans.

Despite the two schools of cuisine traditions influenced by the respective religions of Hinduism and Christianity; there are some meeting points that present an interesting harmony. This blend of various cooking styles and influences is what makes Goan food so unique among the cuisines of India.

With a wide variety ranging from prawns to sausages, chicken to beef, and numerous vegetarian dishes, Goan cuisine is able to satisfy even the most finicky gourmet appetites. Goa has some magnificent culinary delicacies like the prawn balchão and sorpotel which have become famous around the world.

While Hindu Goan food does not seem to have picked up any major Portuguese influence, the Christian food has been influenced not only by the Portuguese, but also by its overseas colonies. Traditional Goan cooking calls for plenty of muscle and time. Grinding is always part of the recipe and the nicer the dish the longer it takes to make.

Goan food is simple but most, though not all, of it is chili hot, spicy, and pungent. Items made from rice, fish, and coconut abound in nearly every Goan meal.

Seafood such as prawns, lobsters, crabs, pomfrets, clams, ladyfish, mussels, and oysters are used to make a variety of curries, fries, soups and pickles. Besides fresh seafood, dried and salted fish dishes are also highly prized by Goans.

In this section we provide a selection of Goa's famous dishes with detailed descriptions of ingredients and cooking methods so you can reproduce the exotic flavor of the dishes in your very own kitchen.

 

Calangute Beach in Goa is also known as the Queen of Beaches. The period from November to February is the most pleasant to visit here. It's 15km from the capital city Panjim. The beach itself isn't anything special, with steeply shelving sand, however it's capacity is large enough to accommodate the huge number of high-season visitors.

The Calangute beach is usually crowded and the small resorts thrive in business during the holiday season. It is one of the most popular beach in Goa with a host of facilities to cater to visitors, including Golden sand along the beach and water sports.

Calangute beach lies on the shores of the Arabian Sea of North Goa in India. Calangute is the most popular holiday destination in Goa. Excellent accommodation facilites are available, particularly at the tourist resorts and cottages. It has also become a good investment plan to buy properties in Goa.

The beach in Calangute is also the perfect tourist haven, completed with shacks and stalls under the shade of palm trees selling everything from fried prawns and beer, to trinkets made of seashells. Its rainbow hued canvas has welcomed everyone to it always although it became popular across the globe only after the hippies discovered it in the 60's.

One of the places worth visiting nearby is the St. Alex Church. The Church of St Alex greets the visitors with its two towers and a magnificent dome gracing the façade. The inside of the church is a display of the line and beauty of its architectural style and attractive altars.

Calangute's nightlife is surprisingly tame and provides a nice break from the wild parties at Anjuna. All but a handful of the bars wind up by 10.00 pm. One notable exception is Tito's at the Baga end of the beach, which stays open until after midnight in the off-season and into the small hours of the morning in late December and January.

The Anjuna beach in Goa is known for its full-moon (acid house) parties. Held for and by young tourists, these parties have attracted thousands of tourists. The trance party with dance, frolic, and merriment goes all night besides the fire. It is just the right place for lazing holidaymakers.

Besides the calm waters of the Arabian Sea lapping softly on the Indian shore, Anjuna comes live with its ever-famous full-moon parties and the Wednesday flea market to take one onto a trance trip.

Anjuna Beach has been the haunt of the flower generation in the sixties and is now popular with the younger generations. It became popular because of its Trance Parties and the Hippies who tried to fuse the Eastern spiritual traditions with Western Music, ideas and art.

Anjuna is a small village in north Goa and is popularly called the freak capital in the world. Its significant tourist spots are the magnificent Albuquerque Mansion built in 1920 (flanked by octagonal towers and an attractive Mangalore tile-roof), the Mascarenhas Mansion, and the Chapora fort.

Every Wednesday, at around 11 a.m., Anjuna breaks into a riot of colors. Lines of vehicles full of tourists start virtually raising clouds of dust in this area. Whatever one needs, from a used paperback to a haircut, one would find it here. The flea market is a heaven for hardcore shoppers and good bargainers, to bid on wonderful blends of Tibetan, Kashmiri and Gujarati trinkets and handicrafts, European snacks, cassettes of a noisy brand of music called 'Goa Trance', artificial ornaments carvings and T-shirts. An elephant ride and a photograph with a fake sadhu or a fake snake charmer can also be found here.

There are plenty of guest houses around the village, and even a couple of hotels. Someone planning a longer stay should look out for 'To Let' signs, as there are plenty of houses that are available on rent along the back lanes.

Churches in Goa

There are a number of churches in Goa built by the Portuguese. Many magnificent churches were built by them in Old Goa which is well known for its churches. The Old Goa churches remind of its former glory that once rivaled that of Rome. It was known to the world as 'Golden Goa' or 'Pearl of the Orient' in 16th and 17th centuries in its glory days. Some of the churches at Old Goa are:-

Se Cathedral Church in Goa
The Portuguese Viceroy Redondo commissioned the Se, or St. Catherine's' Cathedral, southwest of St. Cajetan's, to be "a grandiose church worthy of the wealth, power and fame of the Portuguese who dominated the seas from the Atlantic to the Pacific". Today it stands larger than any church in Portugal, although it was beset by problems, not least a lack of funds and Portugal's temporary loss of independence to Spain. It took eighty years to build and was not consecrated until 1640.

Church of St. Francis of Assisi Goa
Church of St. Francis of Assisi, Old Goa: Adjacent to the Cathedral is this church. Built in the 17th Century, a beautiful octagonal tabernacle ornately decorated has two statues, one of St Francis of Assisi and the other of Jesus on the cross. Vows of poverty, humility and obedience of St. Francis of Assisi are scripted right below these two statues.

Chapel Of St. Catherine, Old Goa
Chapel Of St.Catherine situated in Old Goa is dedicated to St. Catherine. It stands as a living monument of the conquest of Goa by Alburquerque. At one enters the chapel you will see a statue of Our Lady. There is also a beautiful altar dedicated to St. Catherine upon which stands another statue of Our Lady Of Peity.

Basilica Of BomJesus, Old Goa
The Basilica of Bom Jesus is the most august and famous of all the churches in Old Goa. It contains the relics of St. Francis Xavier, Patron saint of Goa, Apostle of the Indies. He was known as Goencho Saib by most of the people of Goa. The construction of the church began on the 24th November 1594 AD from the funds bequeathed for this purpose by Dom Jeronimos Mascarenhas. It was blessed by the Archbishop Dom Fr Aleixo de Menezes on the15th May1605 AD. It became the first church in India to be elevated to the status of a minor basilica in 1946.

The three storey structure is combination of Doric, Corinthian and Composite style of architecture from the exterior. It is built of black laterite stone. The façade is divided into four parts. The lowest part contains three graceful entrances. The part above it has three large windows corresponding to the three entrances. The third section has three circular windows and the fourth part forms a quadrangle decorated lavishly with arabesque. All the sections are decorated with pillars and carvings on basalt brought from Bassein in north Goa. The interior of church is made of Mosaic-Corinthian style and is noteworthy for its simplicity. Three rows of windows are rising one over another from each side besides those of the choir and corresponding circular ones. The windows in the second row have a protruding balcony skillfully attached to them. The entrance is beneath the choir and is supported by columns. The body of the Basilica is spacious.

The relics of St Francis Xavier were kept in this chapel from 1623-55 AD. The Blessed Sacrament was earlier kept on the main altar under the statue of St Ignatius and now is preserved in a gold tabernacle. A cenotaph of gilded bronze to Dom Jeronimos Mascarenhas, Captain of Cochin and Ormuz and the benefactor of the church, is on the northern wall near the side wall. The church is dedicated to the Infant Jesus and is exquisitely decorated. The infant Jesus is shown under the protection of St Ignatius of Loyola, the Founder of the Society of Jesus. The statue of St Ignatius is almost 3 m high. The side have altar to Our Lady of Mercy and St Michael. The Liturgical altar was set up by assembling the old discarded altars and was inaugurated on 12th March 1965. The chapel and tomb of St Francis Xavier is to the south of the church. The body of St. Francis Xavier was brought here from the College of St Paul after his canonization in 1624 AD. It was shifted to its present location in 1655 AD. The chapel has three doors on the east, west and south. A huge picture of the saint is hung on the last door. The chapel is decorated with 27 pictures representing the life and miracles of the saint.

The mausoleum is a three-tiered bier built by the Duke of Tuscany (1670-1737 AD) in return for the pillow on which the head of St. Francis Xavier rested for many years after his death. Giovanni Batista Foggini from Florentine designed the structure and was completed in1698 AD. It arrived at Goa on 16th September 1698 from Florence, Italy and was erected between 14th October and 9th November 1698. On the top of the bier lies the Silver Casket, which contains the relics of the saint.

The casket was constructed by Gaon silversmiths under the supervision of Fr Marco Mastrilli S.J. it is also known as Mastrillian casket. The money for its construction came from the donation in Goa and elsewhere. It was completed on 2nd December 1637 on the feast of the Saint. It was crowned by a cross standing on a pedestal with the figures of two angels on both the sides, one near the head holding a heart with a halo and the other near his feat bearing the motto "Satis est, Domine, Satis est" meaning "It is enough, O Lord, it is enough!". It is believed to be the most common utterances of the saint. The plates on the sides of the casket have been removed to make the relics visible through the inner glass/ crystal urn into which the relics were placed in 1955.

The crystal urn was ordered after the exposition of D. Jose Costa Nunes, Patriarch of Goa in 1952, it was decided that the sacred relics should not be touched directly anymore. The crystal urn was made in the Casa Brandizzi at Rome and was brought to Goa on January 30th 1955. The relics were placed in the crystal urn first and then into the silver casket on February 13th 1955 and sealed. The old wooden coffin with its three keys is now kept in the museum at the Professed House of the Jesuits.

St. Cajetan Church, Old Goa
St.Cajetan Church situated in Old Goa. Equally amazing is the high vault on which are inscribed the words of Christ "My House Is A House Of The Words Of Christ".

The church has alters to dedicated to the Holy Family, Our Lady Of Piety and St.Clare and to the right are the altars dedicated to St. Agnes, St. Cajetan and St. John.

St. Augustine Church
The Built in 1602, the only ruin of the Church of St. Augustine on the Holy Hill at Old Goa near the Nunnery, is a lofty 46-metre high tower defying the torrential rains. The tower is one of the four of St. Augustine Church that once stood there. There were eight richly adorned chapels and four altars, and a convent with numerous cells and artistic columns attached to the church.

The Church when intact was perhaps the biggest in Goa. With the religious suppression in 1835, the Augustinians deserted the church and the convent. The latter was used for some time by the charitable institution of the Misericordia. The buildings fell into neglect resulting in the collapse of the vault on 8 September 1842. The Government appropriated the property selling the materials the following year. The façade and half of the tower fell in 1931 and some more parts of it collapsed in 1938.

The churches are an illustrious and a magnificent part of the legacy of Goa. Church building was one of the main occupations of the early Portuguese and in fact one of Vasco da Gama's main motive for finding the sea route to India was to "search for spices and Christians ". One of the main tourist attractions, the churches of Goa are still unfazed by time and still carry an element of history with them. Visit the famous churches of Goa to feel the magic yourself.

The Portuguese forced upon Christianity with religious fervor during the period of the "Inquisition" with widespread demolition of temples. This continued till 1812, which saw the official end of the "Inquisition" in Goa. Most of Goa's churches were built on the plot of the previous temples. The detained lands of the temples were handed over to the Church. In fact, the first Hindu temple constructed by the Portuguese in 300 years, was at Panaji.

For many generations, a major segment of the population of Goa has been Christians. Thus, the Church is an important factor in Goa's cultural, social, and religious life. The church has also helped the people of Goa in many ways. For instance, the involvement of the Church to spread education in Goa is noteworthy. Today, the churches are all part of the Archdiocese of Goa and function accordingly with its assistance. Many of the Church sites in Goa have been declared as 'protected'.

Like most Hindu temples in India, the Temples of Goa are based around a deity, which is worshipped. The architecture of Goan temples is a little dissimilar mostly because of historical reasons. The primary design of any Hindu temple is organized around the central shrine that houses the main deity. A tower or "Shikara" arises from the main shrine and is traditionally shaped like a pyramid. There are usually two or more smaller shrines housing other deities also.

Brahma Temple
The Brahma temple is located in the village of Brahma Carambolim. The temple dates back to 5th century A.D. It is one of the few temples dedicated to Brahma to be found anywhere.

Sri Bhagavati temple
The Shri Bhagavati Temple in Pernem worships the Goddess Bhagavati Ashtabhuja, or the eight-handed Goddess, one of the forms of Goddess Durga.

Sri Datta Mandir
This temple is located at Sanquelim and is dedicated to the Hindu Trinity of Gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwar. This temple is believed to magically cure all mental troubles.

Shri Damodar Temple
Located on the banks of the River Kushavati, it is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus and Christians alike. The water of the river near the Shri Damodar temple grounds is considered holy and is believed to be a cure for all ailments. The idyllic surroundings of Zambaulin make the visit quite memorable.

Shri Chandreshwar Temple
The Shri Chandreshwar Temple, at the top of Chandranath Hill, is dedicated to the Moon God. The famous Shiva Lingam is lit up by moonlight on the full moon night and is bathed mysteriously in water. The temple is so placed that it offers the visitors, a breathtaking view of the green valley

Though a minority in Goa, the Muslims have well known places of worship in the city. Goa has around 26 mosques scattered all over. However, there are two major mosques that are the most famous in Goa. The mosques have been designed in the typical Muslim style complete with the dome and the towers around the mosques.

Jama Masjid
The Jama Masjid is situated at Sanguem, which is around 25 kilometers from the town of Margao. The Jama Masjid was completely renovated in 1959 since it was falling apart, due to the fact that it was built in the last century. The new structure is noteworthy for its synchronized proportions and elegant simplicity. Two elegant towers flank the entrance façade and it is surrounded by four beautiful "minars". A dome shaped cabin rises from the center of the minars. All Muslim festivals are celebrated here with much devotion and harmony.

Safa Masjid Goa
The Safa Masjid is located in the city of Ponda. It is the biggest and the most famous of all the mosques in Goa. Ibrahim Adilshan of Bijapur built it in 1560. Adjoining the Mosque is a well-constructed tank like pond. The tank has beautifully designed chambers. The mosque and the tank were previously bordered by a widespread garden with numerous fountains. They were ruined during the Portugal rule. The two major festivals of Id-ul-Fitr and Id-ul-Zuha are celebrated at this mosque with great spectacle and devotion and a large number of people grace the occasion.

Goa is famous for its historical monuments of which forts form a vital part. Rich in historical legacy, these forts tell vivid stories of the past and have braved the cruelest of the winds to stand upright till today. Come along and explore the famous forts of Goa!

Chapora Fort
Situated near the Anjuna beach, the Chapora fort was built by Adil Shah of Bijapur. The fort gives a spectacular view of the sea as it is situated atop a cliff, on the coast of the Anjuna beach. A few ruins here and there give a mystical look to it, though otherwise it has been well preserved. It was given a new dimension when the Portuguese took over and one can see traces of the Portuguese architecture in it.

Aguada Fort
Another famous fort of Goa would be the Aguada fort, built by the Portuguese in 1612 A.D. This fort was built in order to protect Goa from any external enemy attacks from the sea. Built near the Mandovi River, the Aguada fort derives its name from the Portuguese word "aguada" which means "water". The place where this fort is situated is a hotspot of many natural springs, which provided the Portuguese with drinking water. A part of the fort has been transformed into central jail. Otherwise, the scenic Aguada Fort is nice spot to unwind and relax.

Cabo De Rama
The Cabo De Rama fort is situated on the southern coast of Goa. The Portuguese rebuilt it when they took over. They built a chapel inside the fort. The chapel is still in use, but otherwise the fort lies in ruins, which gives it a magical look. It was uninhabited for many years, which gives it a naturally ruined look. The historical atmosphere created by the fort in its entire splendor is something to look out for. Locals believe that Lord Rama stayed in this fort with his wife Sita for sometime during his 14-year exile.

Terekhol Fort
The Maharaja of Sawanwadi built The Terekhol Fort on the banks of the Terekhol River. It was taken over by the Portuguese and rebuilt it again in 1764. The fort has now been converted into a heritage hotel. The fort flourishes in peace and serenity as calm seas surround it. One can enjoy the beautiful view of the endless sea for hours together and soak in the rich historical legacy it has to offer.

Location: Usgao Tisk village in North Goa
How to Reach: Well connected by roads. Better to hire taxis and come here, though it might be a little expensive.
Best Season: October to March
Main Attractions: Sambar, Indian Bison, Peacocks and many species of snake.

The lush green and strikingly beautiful foothills shelter the Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, which is the smallest wildlife reserve in Goa. The Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary is spread over an area of about 8 square kilometers. The sanctuary is home to the sambar deer, Gaur (Indian Bison), the black-faced Langur, jackals and wild boar amongst other animals. Many times, elephants have also been spotted. The Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary provides refuge to numerous species of deer as well.

The sanctuary also has a botanical garden, a rose garden and a small deer-park. A zoo was initially established to shelter orphaned and injured animals. The park also offers elephant rides for tourists. You can even head off for a deer safari in the deer-park situated there. A small Nature Education Center has also been established. Educational wildlife videos are screened here for tourists. This preserve is also a treat for keen bird watchers and butterfly spotters, besides being home to animals.

The Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary has set up tourist cottages also at the entrance of the preserve to facilitate lodging to those wanting to spend a night or two. These cottages are ordinary but well maintained. There is also a restaurant that provides simple yet appetizing food. It is sensible to book the cottages beforehand in case you are planning your visit on a public holiday or weekends. The Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary remains closed on Thursdays every week.

Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary

Location: Goan town of Molem, 54 Km from Panaji.
How to reach: Easily accessible by both road and rail.
Best Season: October to March.
Main Attractions: Exotic animals and birds, Devil's Canyon (splendid geological formation), Dudhsagar falls and Tambadi Surla Temple.

The biggest of all the wildlife sanctuaries of Goa, Bhagwan Mahaveer sanctuary covers an area of around 240 square kilometers. The sanctuary is located on the eastern border of Goa and easily reachable by both road and rail as it is well connected by a network of roads from the major cities. The sanctuary is home to many animals and birds and flourishes in rich flora. The sanctuary is home to Leopards, Spotted Deer, Jungle Cats, Malayan Giant Squirrels, Pythons, Cobras and many more reptile species.

To experience the thrill of spotting animals in a big sanctuary such as this, it is always better to stay for a couple of days. The best time to view wildlife is either early morning or late evenings. One can hire jeeps after talking to the concerned authority and take a jeep safari into the sanctuary. It is more suitable to view wild animals from the Devil's Canyon View Point. Bird lovers may also experience their finest time over here as the sanctuary is home to many beautiful and exotic bird species.

The famous temple of Tambadi Surla is situated 13 Kilometers from here. One can enjoy the beauty of the splendid cascades of the Dudhsagar Falls through the windows while traveling by the Konkan railway. The sanctuary's setting is in the foothills of the Western Ghats, which makes it truly a breathtaking locale. The countryside is one that is most tranquil and serene that you'll come across in Goa.

Your trip to Goa has to have a lovely cruise without which your trip will seem imperfect. Goa is renowned and well known for its Cruises. These Cruises are one of Goa's main attractions. Who wouldn't want to hop aboard a gorgeous ship and sail amongst the dancing waves! Goa offers both ocean cruise as well as river cruise.

Goa Sea Cruise
Goa offers exciting Sea Cruise along the Arabian Sea. You can board these Sea Cruises from Mumbai. It either heads straight to Goa or visits Kadmat Island and Kochi and then proceeds to Goa. These sea cruises have all modern amenities and are run on the latest state-of-the-art-technology. The Super Star Libra is more of an extravagant luxury cruise, complete with restaurants, pubs and bars as well as sports, massage parlors and fitness center. You can have a sound slumber in luxurious rooms - Executive Suites, Junior Suites and Ocean View room Suite. Entertainment on board includes an open-style live karaoke lounge, a discotheque, cocktails and pre-dinner lounge. Goa Sea Cruise not only offers luxurious and royal treatment, but also the experience is something that you wont forget for a lifetime. You will find some of the most hospitable people on board who will be ready to offer help and assistance any time. So kick up your heels and get ready to sail smooth!

River Cruise
Goa River Cruise on the Mandovi River is an enjoyable and pleasant experience. The finest way to enjoy your cruise on Mandovi River is to embark on a cruise arranged by Goa Tourism Development Corporation. There are number of cruises you can choose from - Daytime, Sunset and Moonlight. While you sail across the Mandovi River, you can feast your eyes upon exotic lush greenery and the rich turquoise-blue water of the river. You can also spot crocodiles in the river if you look carefully. The cuisine has a vast range and offers some of the most delightfully scrumptious food on board. Some popular cruises are given below:

Sun Set Cruise and Sun Down Cruise
This cruise is a one-hour trip that is fun filled and very entertaining. You can get to see professional artists perform the traditional dances of Goa like Fugdi and Shigmo. It is a guarantee that you too will want to dance along with the tempting beats of their music. You can also spot some majestic historical monuments like Reis Magos Church, the Reis Magos Fort, the Aguada Fort and the Cabo Raj Bhavan.

Full Moon Cruise/Special Cruise
This special cruise offers you a longer amount of time. You get an opportunity to cruise across the Mandovi River and enjoy the serene moonlight falling on the river turning it into a gleaming silver world. This will take you to a different world altogether and connect you with nature at an entirely different level. What more can you ask for when you enjoy the scene with your beloved!

Goa is synonymous with fun, adventure, frolic and nightlife. The Casinos of Goa are reflective of the fun and nightlife in Goa. Goa is home to some of the finest casinos in India and offer best of casino gaming, accessible internationally despite the fact that the casino industry in India is still in its emerging stage. Casino industry is the latest addition to the lifestyle of Goa. Casinos in Goa are endorsed as a part of tourism industry and give international tourists yet another reason to come here. Apart from the various games, the casinos also offer exquisite cocktails, mock tails and hard liquor.

Though the casinos in Goa are still in the evolving stage, they offer all the major games to casino lovers. Table games are lesser in number as compared to the gaming machines. Black Jack, Rummy, American Roulette, Baccarat, Stud Poker and Flash are some the major games, which are offered. Specially trained dealers to conduct gaming sessions with accepted international standards, deal with players. Reel and Poker slot machines are enjoyed by almost everyone who wants to try a hand at gambling. Other facilities at the Casinos in Goa include restaurants, barbecues and swimming pool.

Some famous casinos in Goa are:
Las Vegas (South Goa)
Gaming Time at Las Vegas Casino: 12:00pm - 2:00am
Hotel The Leela Palace Goa
Room Types: Deluxe Rooms, Presidential Suite, Standard Rooms, Suites and Villas

Chances Casino (Near Panaji)
Cidade de Goa
Vainguiim
Goa 403004

Treasures Casino (Majorda Beach Resort)
Gaming Time: 12:00pm - 1:00am
Games to Play at Treasures Casino: Slot Machines (15)
Hotel Majorda Beach Resort
Room Types: 110 Single Rooms, 20 Suites

Winners Casino (Margao)
A 103 supreme Hill Towers
Altomonte Margao
Goa 403731

Renaissance Goa Resort and Casino (Casino located within the Hotel), Varca
Village, Salcette, Goa 403721, India
Gaming Time: 12:00pm - 1:00am
Games to play at Renaissance Casino: Slot Machines (28)
Room Types: 202 Rooms and Suites, 4 Suites

Holiday Inn Goa Resort Haciencda De Oro Casino and Pub
Mobor Beach, Cavelossim, Salcette, Goa, India 403 731
Gaming Time: From 12:00 noon - 12:00 Midnight
Games to Play: 150 Slot Machines
Room Types: 170 Rooms and Suites

One of the major attractions in Goa is the Carnival. In fact, it is popularly known as the Goa Carnival. Goa comes alive in all its beauty and splendor during the carnival, as it is one of the most important celebrations in Goa. The Goa Carnival has been celebrated since the 18th century. The Carnival is meant to be a time for feasting, drinking and merry making. The Goa Carnival takes place just before the 40 days of Lent, a time of asceticism and holiness. Throughout the city, huge parades are organized with bands, floats, balls and dances in the evenings. The festival continues for 3 days and is celebrated throughout Goa. People of all religions take part in the festivities and enjoy thoroughly.

The genesis of the Goa Carnival finds its way to the pleasure-seeking feasts of ancient Rome and Greece. It made its emergence in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, where it gradually untouched into a very Latin style of singing, drinking and dancing stints. King Momo, who on the opening day orders his subjects to party, supervises the carnival. The festival draws thousands of tourists from all over the world for the 3 - day indulgence.

The Carnival is exclusively Goan and is not celebrated anywhere else in the country. The Goans initiate the Carnival with the display of colorful floats. Troupes of masked revelers who take immense pleasure in attiring themselves in stunning costumes, sing and dance in delight to dynamic music that is usually performed live by famous singers and artists. In order to encourage some liveliness to the Carnival and give the Goans some credit, the best floats are given generous prizes.

The folk dances of Goa are the true instances of their rich cultural heritage. These dances have been performed over ages without any kind of changes whatsoever. The Goan dances reflect the true Goan spirit of the people and give an insight into their lifestyle, thinking patterns and traditions. Some popular dance forms are Shigmo, Fugdi, Dhalo, Dekhni, etc.

Shigmo Dance
The Shigmo dance celebrates the spirit of spring season. It is the time of regeneration of nature for the farmers. For the warriors, it marks the victorious return of man from battlefield. Temples are beautifully decorated and festivity takes place in its entire splendor. This dance also the name of the spring festival and usually takes place in the month of March. It is celebrated in rural Goa where the Hindu population dominates.

Fugdi Dance
One of the favorite dances of the Goans, this traditional dance is very popular among girls and women. This dance does not require a special occasion or a festival. Fugdi dance is performed in the praise of Lord Ganesha, the Elephant God of the Hindus. This dance is enjoyed by all age groups and requires immense swirling until one sits down exhausted. It is one of the most common dances performed by the women.

Dhalo Dance
The Dhalo dance is yet another favorite of women of rural Goa. It is more of played than danced. Young women and girls group-up and form semi circles by entwining their arms around each other's backs. They then sing and dance in synchronized swaying movements and have fun and frolic.

Dekhini/Dakhni Dance
The Christians who remember their lost Hindu status mainly composed this form of dance, which also involves singing along with it. It revolves around a lovely woman who is usually the main danseuse who is joined later by other dancers. The music is a lovely combination of Indian and western melody and rhythm.