here are no home-made preganncy tests.

In the days before pregnancy tests they went by obvious outer signs. In general, if a woman missed her period (esp. if she also had nausea or other signs) she assumed herself to be pregnant. Beyond that, in more recent times (late 19th through mid-20th century) there were some signs that a doctor would notice on exam (changes in the uterus/cervix, changes in the nipples), but really a woman couldn't be certain until she felt the baby start to move/kick, or the doctor could hear the fetal heartbeat with a stethascope or see the skeleton on x-ray.

(And of course in some cases there was no certainty until a baby was actually born. If you know any history you might remember that Queen Mary I of England had two false pregnancies, where EVERYONE believed her to be pregnant, and it wasn't until she was several months past her 'due date' that everyone involved had to agree that she was not.)

The fabled 'rabbit test' was sometimes used in the mid-20th century, but not as often as many might believe. The test was very expensive and took several weeks to do, so was only used in rare situations where it was vital to find out ASAP, and physical symptoms were unclear.

There are a lot of older ways to do the tests, but none that you would want to do in this day and age.