The head lice is a tiny,parasitic insect that live among the human hairs and feeds on small amounts of blood drawn from the head scalp.An adult louse is grayish-white or tan in colour and can survive up to 2 days off the scalp.
Nits ,the lice eggs look tiny yellow, tan, or brown dots before they hatch. After hatching, the shell looks white like dandruff. Lice lay nits on hair shafts closer to the scalp where the temperature and the humidity is perfect for keeping them warm until they hatch. Lice eggs hatch within one or two weeks after they're laid.Though they aren't dangerous and they don't spread any kind of disease, but they are contagious and can just be annoying and troublesome. Their bites may cause the scalp to become itchy and inflamed, and continuous scratching may lead to skin irritation and even infection.Small, red bumps or sores occur from scratching.Excessive scratching may lead to a bacterial infection in which the skin would become red and tender and may have crusting and oozing of watery substance along with swollen lymph glands.
Lice or nits may be seen by parting the hair into small sections ,behind the ears, and around
the nape of the neck sometimes they are found on eyelashes or eyebrows too.Lice are highly contagious and can spread from person to person easily, especially in school children,childcare centers, slum etc.Though they can't fly or jump,they have specially adapted claws that allow them to crawl and cling firmly to the hair. They spread easily through head-to-head contact, but sharing clothing, bed linens, combs, hair brushes pass them from one head to another. Kids are mostly prone to catch lice because they tend to have close physical contact with each other and often share personal things with each other.
Treatment with chemicals
Medicated shampoo, cream rinse, or lotion kills the lice.But sometimes certain home remedies
are more effective than any other kind of treatment.Applying too much medication or too frequently may increase the risk of causing harm.Sometimes medicated treatment may be unsuccessful if the medication is not used correctly or if the lice are resistant to the medication.
If a child is small, then we must not use medicated lice treatments.we need to remove the nits and lice by hand manually by using a fine-tooth comb on your child's wet hair and by applying
a conditioner, wetting the hair beforehand temporarily immobilizes the lice and the conditioner
makes it easier to get the comb through the hair.Though petroleum jelly, mayonnaise, or olive oil are sometimes used in an attempt to suffocate head lice,but they sometimes are not effective .Here are some simple ways to get rid of the lice and nits, and help prevent a lice re infestation on to our mane.Just because lice are easily transmitted from person to person,bed mates and infested family members also need to treat themselves to prevent the lice from coming back. .

Preventing Lice:--

Having lice is not a sign of uncleanliness or poor hygiene. These little bugs could often be a problem for kids of all ages no matter how often they do or do not clean their hair.However,we can help kids to get rid of lice by taking the following precautions:Make kids understand to avoid head to head contact at school playground or any social gathering and while playing with other children.Teach them not to share combs, brushes, hats, scarves,ribbons, hair bands, towels, helmets, or other personal items Tell children to be careful while lying on bedding, pillows, and carpets that have been recently used by someone with lice.(seen someone who was scratching head)
Keep examining members of your household who have had close contact with a person who has/had lice.do not loose patience stick to the rule to chase those bugs away ,her are some good home remedies to get rid of these tiny creatures:-

Home remedies:--

• Rub onion juice into the hair and scalp it will kill the lice.then apply Castor oil and come the hair it helps to discard most of the nits and lice as it makes it difficult for lice to stay alive without getting fresh air(suffocation) which seems to be blocked by the thick oil.keep the oil overnight and wash the head the next day and comb your hair well with very thin comb.

• Rub vinegar on the scalp and leave it for three to four hours it helps to kill those bugs.
  
• Fruit of neem tree if grounded and the juice is applied it kills the nits and lice both and disinfect the head too.Even neem oil could be used to kill these bugs.
  
• Rub alum soaked water into your head it helps to cure sores formed by the lice and also disinfect your scalp.and kills the nits .