Human Knowledge: A Bargain With Nature provided us Science & Technology
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Scientific studies lead us to know the world and ourselves. Before we
start our placements on science, let us reflect on our childhood. When
we are born, we are totally dependent on adults. We depend on adults to
feed us, for us to change and for almost everything. Children have the
ability to acquire knowledge by their environment, the culture which
they are embedded and experiences. The independence of children take to
arrive, usually it takes years to be achieved. During the transition
from dependent to independent we acquire knowledge. Acquire knowledge
about the environment in which we live, about the culture in which we
operate and on the experiences already lived.
If you look at the animals, considered irrational, we see a big
difference. They become independent of adults in less time. With few
years of life are already able to hunt, to defend itself, etc, however,
have a lower capacity to acquire knowledge. Most terrestrial organisms
depends primarily on genetic information, which we call instinct.
In this context, we realize that the man made a kind of bargain
with nature. Our children take longer to become independent, but have a
great ability to acquire knowledge. While genetics influence our
behavior, we need more of extra-genetic information. Our children are
more difficult to create, but their ability to acquire knowledge grow
as the human species exists.
Over the years, human evolution has led us to discover the
extra-somatic knowledge, or develop the ability to store knowledge
outside of the body, typical examples would be writing and computers.
The development allowed us to further education. Create criteria
and parameters that allow us to live in society. Formal education is a
creation of humanity, we believe that an educated person, is the one
that reached a level of knowledge.
According to Clancey (1988), "Knowledge is one's ability to
participate in a community, and learn this skill means join this
community." We could cite as an example of understanding the spoken and
written language, people who can not write are not part group of people
fully literate.
Knowledge is essential to live in society, we need to know and
obey the rules (laws) that are imposed by society. Not always follow
the law blindly, however, we at least know them.
Science is an essential part of learning about the universe and
ourselves, it reveals the unknown at the time that we have a burning
need to learn about it.
One of our needs is to learn and transmit knowledge to our
children. Science meets the need to know things in the universe and
discover how and why the world is as it is.
Galileo Galilei began the scientific revolution. One of his most
famous achievement was the assertion that the earth revolved around the
sun, while the scholars of the time stated otherwise. Years later,
Isaac Newton tried to explain the ideas of Galileo and developed the
concept of force and gravitation. Later Einstein created new formulas
that included the ideas of Newton, who in turn, encompassed the ideas
of Galileo.
What is important to observe is that scientific research is
ongoing, it does not end. Newton used the ideas of Galileo and Einstein
used the ideas of Newton. Today quantum physics begins to challenge the
ideas of Einstein.
"The world is not there independently of our act of observation,
what is there, depends in part on who decides to see. The reality is
partly created by those who are looking at. "(Heins Pagels)
We understand that science is the means of acquiring knowledge in
a publicly tested. The scientific demonstrations must be capable of
being tested and proven. We accept the theories after they are
thoroughly tested and proven.
In science we can not say that a theory is fully tested, we say
that a theory has stood the severe tests. The only acceptable solution
is the best solution so far.
Science leads us to learn. The technology makes us do things, is the need to do something and achieve practical goals.
Not always the science precedes technology. In the eighteenth
century, economic necessity favored the construction of a steam engine,
then Carnot developed the science of thermodynamics in an attempt to
improve the performance of these machines.
However, we realize that in most cases, science precedes
technology, is what happened with the invention of the telescope and
microscope, both were created after scientific studies on the optics.
Science, technology and society are three topics that are
involved, are embedded at each other. Science technology improves, the
technology can help both scientific and generate contributions to
society.
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