Kinds of Contraceptives

There are different kinds of methods that can prevent a woman from getting pregnant, but not all method are suited for everybody. Therefore it is important to choose the method that is suitable for you, and always remember some that some contraceptives are more reliable than others. If artificial methods do not suit you, consider natural family planning. Always consult your doctor on this.

Barrier devices such as condoms, diaphragms and caps, physically prevent sperm cells from reaching and fertilizing an egg. They work best when used together with a chemical spermicide, as there is always a slight risk of sperm getting past the barrier.

Other contraceptives like pills, injections and subcutaneous implants prevent ovulation and therefore contraception. Technically, intrauterine devices (IUD's), such as "Copper-T", do not stop contraception but prevent a fertilized egg from being implanted in the womb.

• Cervical cap and diaphragm - both devices block the entry of sperm to the uterus. Users need to be fitted by a doctor or nurse and taught insertion and removal. Reliability is good when used with a spermicide and left in place for about eight hours after intercourse.
• Female Condom - one of the newer barrier methods uses a tube of polyurethane plastic held in place by flexible rings to line the vagina. It is bulkier than the male condom but does not require spermicide and can be inserted any time before intercourse. Reliability is as good as for the male condom.

• Contraceptive Pill - oral contraceptives contain female sex hormones in doses that present ovulation. Taken regularly, they provide outstanding protection, but there are long and short-term side effects and users need regular medical checkups. Various types are available to meet individual needs.
• Contraceptive injections - depending on the drug brand, injections of synthetic progesterone can be given every 8 to 12 weeks. Like the pill, they prevent ovulation and are highly effective. It is suitable for women who cannot remember to take a pill everyday.

• Implants - soft tubes that slowly release synthetic progesterone are inserted under the skin of the upper arm under local anesthetic. The hormone makes a womb less likely to accept a fertilized egg and may also stop ovulation. The contraceptive effect can last five years. The procedure takes ten minutes and no stitches are needed. However, many women suffer side effects such as irregular bleeding, headaches and nausea. Removal can sometimes be difficult.
• Vaginal Sponge - a modern version of an ancient idea uses a disc of polyurethane foam imprecnated with spermicide. Sponges are disposable but need to be left in for six hours after intercourse. They are not very effective. Spermicides -are available as creams, pessaries, foams or gels. They destroy sperm chemically and most kill the AIDs virus. On their own they are not very effective, but work well with most condoms, diaphragms and caps.
• Intrauterine Device (IUD) - a small plastic and metal device placed in the womb provides extremely reliable contraception. Drawbacks can include heavy periods and an increased risk of infection, so not generally advised for women who have not had children. Doctor or nurse must do the fitting. Condom - latex rubber condoms are simple, safe and effective, particularly if used with spermicide. They also offer the best protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Men may find sensation is reduced, and some couples feel condoms interfere with spontaneity.