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ROHS Lead-Free (Pb-Free) – Taking the Lead Out

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By guidebaba


Lead-Free

RoHS: Restriction of Hazardous Substances [ lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (CrVI), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).]

WEEE: Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipments.

Lead-Free Solder: Solder with NO Lead (Pb).

Lead-Free is taking rapid momentum around the world after the EU (European Union) Directives to wipe off lead (Poison) from electronic soldering considering its health and environmental effects

Visit Electronics Website: Electronics



Lead-Free Logo
Lead-Free Logo

How it all started?

Many of the electronic manufacturers around the globe were using Tin-Lead (Sn/Pb) solder for PCB assembly and rework. They also used No-Clean Liquid Flux and No-Clean Solder Paste. They did not bother to clean the PCB and the flux residue after assembly. These boards were later dumped into earth. While lead is dangerous and harmful during the assembly process, dumping the board in soil was harmful to the environment. This ultimately lead to make lead-free pcb assembly mandatory.


Lead-Free Solder:

Various Chemistry for alloy composition in lead-free solder were explored. Several things had to be kept in mind:

  • Composition of lead-free wire for hand-soldering
  • Composition of solder bar for wave soldering
  • Composition of solder paste for reflow ands hot air soldering
  • Composition of BGA Balls
  • Chemistry of flux to be used in lead-free soldering
  • Temperature resistance and tolerance of led-free compatible electronic components

The best composition of solder as per the experts are:

Lead Free Solder Wire - Sn96.5/Ag3.0/Cu0.5

Lead-Free Solder Bar- Sn99.3/Cu0.7

Lead-Free Solder Paste - Sn96.5/Ag3.0/Cu0.5

Flux - Flux used in lead-free soldering has to be more active to withstand the high temperature.

Table showing lead-free solder alloy compositions.
Table showing lead-free solder alloy compositions.

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