André Léon Blum (9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950), was a very famous French stateman, socialist, premier of France for three times(1936-1937, 1938, 1946-1947), the first member of the Socialist Party and the first Jewish person to serve in that position. He was also one of the leaders of the French Section of the International Worker (SFIO) and Chairman of the Board, i.e. He marked the French political history to have refused the adhesion of the Socialists to the III International communist in 1920 and to have been the president of the Council of the Popular front in 1936. His reform had represented major social advances (paid leaves, women in government), he resigned from chairman on June, 1937.

André Léon Blum was born in a Jewish family in Paris 9 April 1872. At 17 he published his first poems. In 1890 he was recognized by National University and entered the prestigious École Normale Supérieure- where he was influenced by Lucien Herr. Hesitating between literature and law, Blum finally undertook both in University of Paris. He got his BA in literature and law in 1891 and 1894. From 1892, his work Re-examined helped him establish his reputation in the Parisian literary circle. At the beginning of the 20th century, André Léon Blum wrote a lot of critical books and plays such as New conversations of Goethe with Eckerman 1901. Of the marriage 1907. tendhal and the beylism 1914.

Drawn into politics by the Dreyfusard affair and aiming at a career of civil servant, in 1899 he joined the Socialist Party called the SEIO. Soon he became the leading theoretician of the party. During the World War I, he became more active and was selected as the chairman of the executive committee, and was also a representative of the National Assembly in France. in 1920 after the Communist and Socialist parties split and the Communists won control of the party apparatus, Blum was in charge to rebuild the Socialist Party. Under his leadership, the SFIO worked through the 1920s and 1930s. he also established news paper of the party, Le Populaire. From 1919 to 1940, he stayed his membership of the Chamber of Deputies. In 1935 Blum helped organize the Popular Front - a coalition of French leftist and centrist parties.

He respected the Jewish Religion of his father’s, he felt Jewish and French because he thought that one did not prevent the other. He suffered an early anti-Semitism; he was a victim as a literary critic. Before becoming Prime Minister, on 13 February 1936 Blum was almost killed by a group of anti-Semites and royalists who dragged him out of his car and beat him to the point of death. On June 1936 he won a dramatic victory at election, which was the first time the Socialists had dominion over France. when his eloquent speech in parliament had won a sweeping victory, and he was elected to the House, he became the target of attacks in newspaper from extreme right. Thereafter, he engaged in many movements Zionists after the war.

Blum's government focused on domestic affairs. His government passed much important legislation, including the 40-hour’s work per week, workers paid holidays, collective bargaining on wage claims and the nationalization of the arms industry. His requirement of emergency decree powers to handle the crisis were denied by the conservative French senate during the urgency of the rising of threat of Nazi Germany. His government was divided, and later he resigned.

When France was occupied by Nazis on June 1940, as a Jew and a main socialist leader, Blum’s life was at stake. He was captured by the German-dominated French government at Vichy in September 1940 and held until 1942. In April 1943, He was deported to the high-ranking prisoners camp in Buchenwald until April 1945. While imprisoned, he wrote, the most famous essay À l'échelle Humaine ("For all mankind").

After being set free by Allied troops in May 1945, Blum continued to served as French ambassador extraordinary to several countries In 1946. From December 1946 to January 1947 he had guided a transitional government , until was forced resign by poor health condition.