The cancer squamous and basal cell cancer are the most common tumors of the skin and the second usually curable by surgery. The melanoma, though less frequent, is more lethal, since between 15% 20% of patients who develop this tumor killed by the disease. This is a great monografia - monograph subject, so, Monografia AC and its research team in Monografias e TCC presents this article.

There is a hereditary predisposition for developing melanoma, and this bias is united with mutation of the gene p163. The nevi displásticos precursors are suspected in 40% of sporadic cases of melanoma, and 10% of all melanomas is associated with a family history of displástico nevus syndrome. The history of nevi displástico and more than two cases of melanoma in the family of an individual determine a risk of 100% of developing melanoma for 70 years of age.

The personal history of melanoma and nevus displástico prior increases the risk of developing melanoma in a second eight times. The congenital melanocytic nevi also are precursors of it.

Exposure to ultraviolet B light (UVB) plays a clear role in the development of melanoma, through a mechanism of photochemical damage the DNA, alteration of the immune system and suppression of immunity resident in the cells of Langerhans. The UVA radiation, which is 10 by 100 times more prevalent that the UVB and identified as not carcinogênica, is currently believes that increases the effects of UVB and serves as co-carcinogênic. A Projeto de Pesquisa e Investigacao em cancer becomes a very good idea.

Apart from this factor, there are a variety of conditions associated with immunodeficiency that increase the risk of developing melanoma, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, immunosuppression for transplant and AIDS.