Human Anatomy

The National Massage Therapy and Bodywork Certification is created by the National Certification Board and is required to pass in many states in order to practice. Over the next couple of weeks I will post study guides on hubpages.com on the different areas covered in this exam.

Human Anatomy

1. What is anatomy?
2. What is an organ system and how many of them are in the human body?
3. What is the referred to as the building blocks of life, or the basic units of life, because they structure together and make tissues and organs?
4. What are the three classifications of muscles?
5. What type of muscle is known as the voluntary muscle because it is the only kind of muscle that can moves with thought?
6. About how many skeletal muscles are there in the human body?
7. What sections make up the spine?
8. How many bones are there in an adult human?
9. What are muscle insertions and origins and how are they different?
10. How many vertebrae are there in the cervical area of the spine?
11. What is the common name for C1?
12. What four muscles make up the quadriceps?
13. What three muscles make up the hamstrings?
14. What are tendons and ligaments and what is the their main difference?
15. What are the 8 anatomical terms of motion for general movement?
16. What is the difference between abduction and adduction?
17. Superior, inferior, proximal, distal, superficial and deep are all examples of what?
18. What is fascia and what are some of its major functions for the human body?
19. What are the four bone shapes?
20. The shaft of a long bone is called what?
21. The ends of a long bone are called what?
22. What is a bony processes and why are they important for a massage therapist to identify?
23. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis work together to form what?
24. Locating the iliac crest will help you find which vertebra?
25. What is fibrosis?
26. The radial nerve stems from what?
27. What hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets?
28. Torticollis is another name for what?
29. When massaging, what parts of the neck should be avoided?
30. What are varicose veins and how should the be handled in a massage treatment?
31. The Iliospoas muscles, the rectus femoris and the tensor fasciae latae are some of the muscles that perform what function?
32. What muscle group extends the knee?
33. Food passes through the large intestine in what order?
34. Where are the thinnest and thickest parts of the skin?
35. How many chambers are there in the heart?
36. What are the two divisions of the vascular system?
37. What anatomical direction is used to describe the relationship between the fingers to the shoulder?
38. The large bony part of the proximal thigh is called the what?
39. Where is the origin of the piriformis?
40. The deltoid, triceps, and infraspinatus all help to extend what joint?

Answers are below

ANSWERS

1. Anatomy is a branch of biology that studies the structure of the body and all of its parts.
2. An organ system is group or body organs that work together to produce a specific body function, such as breathing, movement, or thinking. There are 12 systems: integumentary (skin/hair), skeletal, muscular, nervous (brain/thinking/communication), sensory, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, endocrine (internal hormonal glands), urinary and reproductive.
3. Cells
4. Skeletal, cardiac or smooth
5. Skeletal muscle
6. More than 600
7. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx
8. 206
9. Muscle insertions and origins are similar in that they are both places where muscle attaches to skin, bone or muscle. The difference is that insertions are attached to the structure which moves when the muscle moves, and origins attach to the structure which does not move when a muscle is contracted.
10. Seven
11. Atlas
12. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius
13. Semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris
14. Tendons and ligaments are both bands of tough connective tissue. The tendons connect muscle to bone and the ligaments connect bone to bone.
15. Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal/medial rotation, outer/later rotation, elevation and depression.
16. Abduction moves a structure farther away from the midline of the body and adduction moves it closer.
17. Anatomical directions
18. Fascia is a kind of connective tissue that is soft and flexible and surrounds muscles, bones, organs, nerves and blood vessels with a thin lining. The lining of fascia connects these structures to other surrounding tissue. Fascia helps to protect our bodies from infections and creates a good environment for tissue repair after an injury has occurred to the body.
19. Short, long, flat and irregular shapes.
20. Diaphysis
21. Epiphyses
22. Bony processes are bumps that can be felt when touching the body. Processes can be used as body landmarks to help the massage therapist locate certain bones, muscles and accupressure points throughout the body.
23. The rotator cuff
24. L4
25. Scar tissue formation
26. The brachial plexus
27. Insulin and glucagon
28. wry neck
29. The common carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve and the lymph nodes
30. Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and are commonly found on the legs. They can be lumpy and a blue or purplish color. Varicose veins are usually hypersensitive and pressure should never be applied to them.
31. Flexion of the hips
32. Quadriceps
33. Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
34. The thinnest is the skin around the eyes and the thickest is the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet.
35. 4
36. blood and lymph
37. distal
38. the greater trochanter
39. sacrum
40. the shoulder joint