Staying Safe in the Sun

We all love the warm weather, and most of us would agree we look and feel better with that sun-kissed, glowing tan than we do with that murky gray pallor that’s been our trademark all winter. There’s no reason we can’t enjoy the outdoors, stay active and have fun in the sun this summer, but there are several common sense tips we should all keep in mind, when it comes to preparing for summer. Read on to find the answers to some common questions.

How do I pick the right sun protection products? Most of us are now aware that a high Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a must when shopping for sun protection, but there is still plenty of room for confusion. Just what is the difference between a sun block, sun screen and sun cream? And does a high SPF mean I’m protected against UVA and UVB rays? Come to think of it what exactly is the difference between the two?

Block, cream, screen or lotion? Generally speaking it doesn’t matter too much what the product is called. Sun blocks often claim to block out all UV light and are sometimes white or other colors when applied, so you can see exactly where you’ve put them and check they haven’t worn or washed off. A product professing to be a sun cream, lotion or oil is just describing the texture of the product and doesn’t indicate anything about its effectiveness.

How high should my SPF be? Experts recommend an SPF of 15 or higher, but be warned. A very high SPF doesn’t always mean the product is better. It’s scientifically difficult to measure SPFs higher than 15, so as long as your product is 15+, and you use it properly, it’s sufficient. You may also be tempted to re-apply less frequently if you have a very high SPF, which is a mistake. All sun protection should be re-applied frequently during sun exposure, especially if you are exercising, or in and out of the water.

What’s the difference between UVA and UVB rays? It’s important to buy a product that offers broad spectrum UVA and UVB protection. UVB rays are sometimes considered to be more dangerous and are certainly linked to skin cancers of all types, but UVA rays are also extremely damaging to skin and are responsible for premature skin aging, so don’t be fooled by adverts for tanning salons claiming their sun beds are safer because they use UVA light. Most tanning treatments are just as dangerous as other sun exposure and you should take the same precautions. Most modern sun protection products offer protection against both types of sun rays. Bear in mind that SPF refers to UVB light and not UVA, so regardless of how high the SPF is, make sure the product also states that it protects against UVA.

I’ve heard of UVC rays. What are they and should I be worried about them? UVC rays are actually the most damaging sun rays of all but are mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. This is the reason you don’t have to worry too much about them on a day to day basis, but also the reason we should all be concerned about the long term effect of environmentally damaging practices that may be reducing the effectiveness of the ozone layer.

How should I apply sun protection? Apply generously to all exposed areas at least 15 minutes before sun exposure. Re-apply regularly throughout the time you’re in the sun, especially after swimming and exercising, or if you’re perspiring. Pay special attention to birth marks and tattoos, and apply extra product to these areas.

Do I still need to re-apply after swimming if my product is water resistant? Yes. Water resistant products are a good idea and can help to protect the skin whilst in the water, as the sun’s rays can penetrate shallow water and cause you to burn. However, even water resistant products will wash or wear off over time. Always reapply after you have been in the water.

How else can I protect my skin? Build up sun exposure slowly and try not to be out in the sun in the middle of the day (between 11.00 am and 3.00 pm). Use extra protection if you are exposed to the sun for a long time, or if your skin is sensitive. The best extra protection is simply to put on a shirt or t-shirt. Remember that sun can penetrate light colored, loose weave clothes. Hold your shirt up to bright sunlight. If you can see light through it you could burn through it. Special sun suits that block out all light are a good idea for children or when doing water sports such as snorkeling or surfing (potentially very dangerous for sun exposure as you won’t feel hot but the sun is still directly on your skin).

What else should I be concerned about? Protect your head, lips and eyes. A hat prevents your scalp burning, especially if you have fine hair, and stops you getting over heated. Lips are often forgotten when applying sun protection and burn easily so always wear lip balm with a high SPF. Eyes can be damaged by the sun’s rays and over exposure to strong UV light may even cause cataracts. Always wear wrap around sun glasses with 100% UV absorption. Also avoid dizziness, headaches and sunstroke by drinking lots of water and keeping the body temperature down. If you feel over heated move into the shade and have a (non-alcoholic) drink. Cooling off in the water, or by moving into the shade, at regular intervals during the day is a good idea.

I want to be active in the sun. What do I need to consider? Avoid extremes. Exercising too hard in the sun, especially in the midday heat, is not a good idea. Stay hydrated by drinking lots of water, and snack on liquid rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, to keep energy levels up. If you’re participating in water sports for prolonged periods wear a sun suit and remember to dry off and re-apply sun protection to exposed areas regularly.

What if I’ve overdone it? As soon as you realize you are burnt or are feeling unwell, get out of the sun and cool down. Drink plenty of water. Wash burnt skin with cool water and apply after-sun products. Don’t expose burnt skin to the sun again until it is totally healed. Remember that sun damage is cumulative. If you burn regularly throughout your life you will be much more prone to skin cancer as you age.

How can I avoid skin cancer? Follow all the advice above and monitor your skin carefully. Any changes in your skin can be a cause for concern but pay particular attention to moles, especially if in an area constantly exposed to the sun. Always get a doctors opinion if a mole changes color or shape, swells or bleeds. Also consult your doctor if small skin blemishes, ulcers etc fail to heal quickly and completely.

Follow these simple tips to have a safe, healthy, active summer. Taking care of your skin, and body, in the summer heat will ensure you get the most out of the warm weather, this year and in the future.