Symptoms Of Bi Polar

Bipolar affective disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by pronounced periodic fluctuations in mood hired both as manic depressive direction.

The disease affecting approximately. 2-3% of the population and occurs equally frequently in women and men. Although symptoms and severity varies, bipolar affective disorder usually associated with serious social, occupational, economic and / or personal effects, including a suicide risk at 10-15%. It is important that the disease is recognized and treated as early as possible, otherwise there is a risk of worsening of the condition of frequent and severe episodes.

Diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder
Diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder (hereinafter simply referred to as bipolar disorder) has been used in Denmark since 1994, when the WHO classification system, International Classification of Diseases, 10 edition (ICD-10) was introduced as an official diagnostic system. There is some overlap between the bipolar disorder and has previously called manio-depressive psychosis. One of the differences is that we now recognize that bipolar disorder can occur in both psychotic and non-psychotic forms.

To meet criteria for bipolar disorder in ICD-10 requires at least two disease episodes, of whom one shall be a mania, a mania or a hypoallergenic blend mode. It is now customary to distinguish two main types of bipolar disorder:

1. Bipolar disorder type I is the classic form in which the disease occurs manier.
2. Bipolar disorder type II is a milder variant, where the disease is characterized by hypomanier and depression.

Below is a brief description of the different types of illness episodes, which may occur under bipolar disorder. For symptoms of bi polar see further below.

Four different kinds of illness episodes
Mania core symptoms are unnatural elation and / or excessive anger and irritability. The typical manic person thinking quickly, have many ideas, talk a lot, are often more worried and restless than usual, and even the feeling is increased. Often seen a loss of self that can lead to hazardous and outrageous behavior, such as unrealistically high spending, abuse or increased sexual activity. In severe cases of mania occur from time to psychotic symptoms either in the form of delusions (steadfast beliefs that go against common sense) or hallucinations (sensory experiences without external stimulus).

Hypo mania is an easy form of mania, characterized by mild elation, increased energy, increased confidence and increased well-being. Often seen increased productivity, and sleep need can be easily reduced. The condition affects not always function level, but will often be noticeable to the surroundings. A hypo mania may be some precursor to a mania, while the other can suddenly turn into a depressive state.

Depression as part of bipolar disorder is characterized by the same symptoms as unipolar depression (depression without mania or hypo mania). The core symptoms are depression, decreased energy and decreased pleasure. Sleep and appetite are typically disturbed, as is often seen difficulties with concentration and memory. Decreased self-esteem and excessive self-blame are common symptoms, and by the moderate and severe depression are often suicidal thoughts, or at worst, actual plans for suicide. The severe depression of the seen and psychotic symptoms in the form of delusions or hallucinations.

Mixed-mode is characterized by the manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously or in rapid alternating between manic depressive state and condition. A person might, for example within the same hours fluctuate between sorrow and elation, or between passivity and activity. The combination of depressive symptoms and increased energy / act makes state associated with a high suicide risk.

The disease begins early but is often diagnosed later
Bipolar disorder usually begins in late adolescence or early adult age, but on average it takes 6-7 years from first symptoms or illness episodes prove to the state recognized and diagnosed. Several studies suggest that mainly hypomanier and mixing conditions are often overlooked, partly results in that some people with bipolar disorder are diagnosed mistakenly recurrent depression

Large variation in disease
The process by bipolar disorder vary greatly from person to person including in terms of incidents, severity, duration and nature. Between illness episodes are often neutral periods of varying lengths ie. from weeks to years or decades. Some people experience, however slight depressive or manic symptoms without the actual episodes. Studies suggest that depression is three times more frequently than manier in people with bipolar disorder.

While the prognosis for each disease episode is relatively good, the prognosis in the long run extremely varied. In addition to appropriate treatment has good personal resources, stable life and social support, positive influence on the course, while the presence of abuse or anxiety disorders tend to worsen the prognosis.

Genetic relationship and stress the importance for disease development
A general accepted forklaringsmodel of bipolar disorder is the so-called stress-vulnerability model. According to this model, the specific biological conditions, which to some extent hereditary certain that makes a person vulnerable to various forms of stress. Is bipolar disorder among close relatives increases the risk of developing the disease by at least a factor of 10 compared to the general population.

Treatment of bipolar disorder
Treatment can be divided into the treatment of each disease episode and the prevention of new episodes. Severe manier and severe depression usually requires hospitalization. In both the acute phase as in the preventive treatment medicine plays a crucial role.

In mania and manic blend modes are lithium, various types of known anti-and standard antipsychotic drugs. There are often needed to supplement treatment with benzodiazepines (Stesolid-like preparations).

Treatment of depression as part of bipolar disorder differs from ordinary depression treatment, primarily due to the risk of triggering manic symptoms by the use of antidepressants. Antidepressants can and should from time to apply, but should always be combined with a drug that can protect against the mania for example lithium or an antipsychotic.

Have one person two episodes or more within five years recommended a preventive medication, for example, may consist of lithium or antiepileptikum.

Often it is appropriate to combine medical treatment with psykoedukation (ie a form of education about the disease and its treatment) and various forms of Samtaleterapi. Generally, it is important that treatment be adapted to each patient, including the various phases of disease. Involvement of relatives is also an essential part of treatment.

Symptoms of Bi Polar

Comparison between manic and depressive symptoms

Manic symptoms

• Elation
  
• Over optimism
  
• Over Activity
  
• Thinking faster than normal
  
• Increased urge to speak
  
• Moving quickly
  
• Even Overstatement
  
• Increased extrovert
  
• Impulsive behavior
  
• Increased energy
  
• Impaired sleep needs
  
• Increased appetite for sex
  

Depressive symptoms

• Depression
• Hopelessness
• Passivity
• Thinking slower than normal
• Taciturn
• Moving slowly
• Decreased confidence
• Trend to isolation
• Paralysis
• Decreased energy
• Sleeping difficulties, reduced sleep quality ... Or increased sleep needs
• Decreased appetite for sex

The target for the treatment of bipolar disorder is to eliminate or mitigate the
depressive and manic symptoms and prevent new disease episodes, and to
minimize the psychological and social consequences of the disease, including
prevent suicide.
 
Medication often plays a crucial role in the treatment of
illness episodes and as preventive therapy. Different forms of
psychological and psychosocial treatment tailored to the different phases of
disease is also essential in many cases. Involvement
of caregivers is very important, but does not always happen to the extent that there is a need for
it.

The disease severity
The treatment of slight illness episodes and the preventive treatment
can proceed in practicing psychiatrist in district psychiatry in specialklinik or
in medical practice.
By manier, severe depression and severe blending modes
there is often a need for hospitalization and in particular severe cases it may be
necessary to engage in coercion. During hospitalization, there is a focus on the
medical treatment and various forms of support for planning and
structuring of the day and the regulation of activity.

Medication and ECT (electric shock treatment)
By mani used different types of so-called antipsychotic drugs and anti -
as standard. Often there is a need to supplement the treatment with
sedative drugs and sovemedicin.

Treatment of bipolar depression differs from ordinary depression treatment, primarily due to the risk of triggering manic symptoms by the use of antidepressants.
Antidepressants used by and for, but should always be combined with a medicine
which may protect against mania.
By blending modes used in particular anti-and the newer antipsychotic drugs. In
treatment of severe depression - and sometimes also by severe manier can
treatment with ECT will be considered.

Supportive conversations and psychotherapy
Many people with bipolar disorder can benefit from supportive conversations or
psychotherapy. Conversation Treatment can be done individually, with relatives or in
group and aligned parallel the various stages of disease.
During the depressive phase, the sick need support to handle any.
suicidal thoughts and to stick in the hope of recovery. A goal may be to
reduce behaviors that inactivity, isolation and passivity and to break the
depressive thinking in practical situations in order to find more
realistic ways of thinking. By slightly manic symptoms can be treated
helping to reduce stimuli and activity.

In connection with the frequent shifts between manic and depressive symptoms as
eg by blending state, it is a goal to learn to regulate stimuli and activity
parallel.
In the preventive treatment may be a need for help to deal
cognitive difficulties and stabilize daily routines, social activities and
eating and sleeping patterns. On the emotional level can help the care
affected by learning to distinguish between normal emotional fluctuations
and symptoms that relate to experiences of stigma and processing losses
violations and failure, which typically comes in the wake of the disease. Some have
need to help you work with more personal problems as reduced
self-esteem, fluctuating self-esteem, uncertain identity or interpersonal
difficulties.

Information and psykoedukation
Both the sick as the families need ongoing information and guidance
To find out how they can best manage and sygdomsfaserne
help to prevent new epsioder. Information on matters such as diagnosis,
symptoms, prognosis, causal relationship, treatment and prevention options
considered today to be an essential element of a good treatment.
The more systematic forms of education and information on disease
called psykoedukation and takes place in groups of patients and / or relatives.