Top 10 Construction of 20th Century
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- The Channel Tunnel is also known bye the portmanteau Chunnel and it is a 50.5 km undersea rail tunnel
- The Channel Tunnel is linking Folkestone, Kent in the England with Coquelles, near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.
- At the Channel Tunnel is lowest point it is 75 m (250 ft) deep.At 37.9 km (23.5 mi), the Channel Tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world.
- The tunnel carries high-speed Eurostar passenger trains, Eurotunnel roll-on/roll-off vehicle transport - the largest in the world - and international rail freight trains.
- The Channel Tunnel construction was began in 1988 and it's opened in 1994. The project came in 80% over its predicted budget.
- There are three communication systems in the Channel tunnel: concession radio (CR) for mobile vehicles and personnel within Eurotunnel's Concession and track to train radio (TTR) for secure speech and data between trains and the railway control centre and Shuttle internal radio (SIR) for communication between shuttle crew and to passengers over car radios.
- The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean.
- As part of both United States Route 101 and California State Route 1, the Golden Gate Bridge connects the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula to Marin County.
- The Golden Gate Bridge was the longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1937.
- The Golden Gate Bridge still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the U.S, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City.
- The Golden Gate Bridge project cost more than $35 million.
Interstate Highway System
- The Interstate Highway System is a network of limited-access highways in the United States that is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation.
- The entire system, as of 2006, has a total length of 46,876 miles ,making it both the largest highway system in the world and the largest public works project in history.
- The Interstate Highway freeway system serves nearly all major U.S. cities, with many Interstates passing through downtown areas.
- The Interstate Highway System ended up costing $114 billion and taking 35 years to complete.
Empire State Building
- The Empire State Building is a 102-story landmark Art Deco skyscraper in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street.
- The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for more than forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center's North Tower was completed in 1972.
- Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building once again became the tallest building in New York City and New York State.
- he Empire State Building is the 15th tallest in the world. It is also the 4th tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.
- The Empire State building is currently undergoing a $120 million renovation in an effort to transform the building into a more energy efficient and eco-friendly structure.
- Hoover Dam also known by the Boulder Dam,it is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada.
- When completed in 1936, it was both the world's largest electric-power generating station and the world's largest concrete structure.
- Hoover Dam is currently the world's 35th-largest hydroelectric generating station.
- This Hoover dam, located 48 km southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada, is named after Herbert Hoover, who played an instrumental role in its construction, first as the Secretary of Commerce, and then later, as the President of the United States.
- The Hoover Dam Construction began in 1931, and it was completed in 1936 and Hoover Dam Construction cost: $49 million.
- The Panama Canal is a ship canal which joins the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific ocean.
- The Panama Canal is the One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, it had an enormous impact on shipping between the two oceans, replacing the long and treacherous route via the Drake Passage and Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America.
- A ship sailing from New York to San Francisco via the canal travels 9,500 km (6,000 miles), well under half the 22,500 km route around Cape Horn.
- The first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French leadership. After this attempt failed and 21,900 workers died, the project of building a canal was attempted and completed by the United States in the early 1900s, with the canal opening in 1914.
- The building of the 48 mils canal was plagued by problems, including disease and landslides. By the time the canal was completed, a total of 27,500 workmen are estimated to have died in the French and American efforts.
- The canal can accommodate vessels from small private yachts up to large commercial vessels.
- The maximum size of vessel that can use the canal is known as Panamax an increasing number of modern ships exceed this limit, and are known as post-Panamax or super-Panamax vessels.
- A typical passage through the canal by a cargo ship takes approximately 8–10 hours.
- While the Pacific Ocean is west of the isthmus and the Atlantic to the east, the journey through An estimated 14,000 ships pass through the canal each year. Only 1,000 ships per year passed through the canal at its beginnings.
- The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre on Bennelong Point in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jorn Utzon, who in 2003 received the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honour.
- The Sydney Opera House is one of the great iconic buildings of the 20th century, an image of great beauty that has become known throughout the world.
- The Sydney Opera House is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
- It is a major tourist attraction. It is administered by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.
Aswan Dam
- Aswan Egypt is the city located near the first cataract of the Nile, which presented the first obstacle from the Mediterranean Sea for boats sailing on the river since antiquity.
- Two dams now straddle the Nile river at this location: the newer and larger Aswan High Dam , completed in 1970, and the earlier Old Aswan Dam or Aswan Low Dam, first completed in 1902.
- The aim of these water projects were to regulate river flooding, provide storage of water for agriculture, and later, to generate electricity.
- The former cataract and the Old Aswan Dam are about 1,000 kilometres up-river and south southeast of Cairo. The new Aswan High Dam is a further 4 kilometres upriver from the older dam.
- The World Trade Center was a complex in Lower Manhattan in New York City whose seven buildings were destroyed in 2001 in the September 11 terrorist attacks.
- The site is currently being rebuilt with six new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks.
- The original World Trade Center was designed by Minoru Yamasaki in the early 1960s using a tube-frame structural design for the twin 110-story towers.
- Construction of the World Trade Center involved excavating a large amount of material which was used in making Battery Park City on the west side of Lower Manhattan.
- The complex was located in the heart of New York City's downtown financial district and contained 13.4 million square feetof office space.
- Hong Kong International Airport is also known as Chek Lap Kok Airport because it was builit on island of Chek Lap Kok by land reclamation,it is the main airport in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- The airport opened for commercial operations in 1998, replacing Kai Tak airport.
- Hong Kong International Airport has won seven Skytrax World Airport Awards in just ten years.
- Hong Kong International Airport also operates one of the world's largest passenger terminal buildings and operates twenty-four hours a day.
- In 2008 it was the 12th busiest airport worldwide in terms of passenger throughput, registering 47,857,746, it was also the second busiest airport in the world in terms of cargo traffic, handling 3,660,901 tons of cargo.
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