VIETNAM & THE UNITED STATES:

South Vietnam’s collapse and its Unification with the North had ended the Vietnam’s War:

Vietnam War began soon after the Geneva conference provisionally divided Vietnam into the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North) and the Republic of Vietnam (South) in 1954. The War was in South Vietnam between the Government Forces aided by United States and the Guerrilla Forces aided by North Vietnam. It was escalated from a Vietnamese Civil war into a limited international conflict in which the United State was being deeply involved. The war did not end, despite the peace agreement of 1973, until North Vietnam’s successful offensive had resulted in South Vietnam’s collapse and unification of the South with the North in 1975.

South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem rejected the nation wide election:

In 1954 French and Viet Minh agreed to a ceasefire to end colonial administration in Vietnam. In July 1955, South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem rejected the nation wide election agreed by French and North Vietnam at the Geneva Conference of 1954. Pro-Hanoi Vietcong began a guerrilla campaign initially but later under the name of Vietnam’s People Army (VPA), they had continued the fight which was supported by China and Russia to overthrow Diem’s Govt. To prevent communist expansion America supported South Vietnam’s Diem Govt. Initially America supported the Army of Republic of South Vietnam (ARVN) by Air Force as America had superiority over air strike. In 1975, at one time, 150 Air- Fighter had been launched from US Seventh Fleet carriers, to bomb Vietnam to crush the guerrilla campaign.

Ho Chi Minh achieved Independence for Vietnam by Liberation Movement carrying for 35 years: It was made a colony by French in the middle of 19^th century. The French Government introduced western education in the country and encouraged to spread Christianity. For economic growth the French encouraged plantation in tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee. But the French had left the country in the 20^th century after making a political division in between North and South and initiating the object of Vietnam War.

In 1941, the Viet Minh- a communist and nationalist liberation movement emerged under Ho Chi Minh to seek independence for Vietnam from French and to oppose Japanese occupation. The Japanese occupation had been collapsed after being dropping of Atom Bomb in 1945. It was 2^nd September 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared independence for Vietnam. People’s Republic of China immediately recognized the Viet Minh’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

Hanoi, the Capital of North Vietnam is turned to the Capital of Vietnam in 1976:

Hanoi was the Capital city of North Vietnam and the second largest city of Vietnam. It is suited on the right bank of Red River. Japan occupied the city in 1940 but French recaptured it in 1946. In July 2, 1976 the City became the Capital of North and South Vietnam. It was the transportation hub of the country. The city was destroyed by Vietnam War but again the city was newly constructed with the aid of China and Russia. After the devastation of war, the cityhad developed its two air ports, its rail connection to Kuming of China and to Beijing via China’s Main Rail system and also linked to commercial port Haiphong and South Saigon (or Ho Chi Minh City) in the south. Since 1990, the economic growth of the city had been tremendous. It had sustained the annual average growth rate at about 20% till 2003. The economic growth had helped the city to develop to different large –scale industrial park. As the place was full of lakes, it was also called the City of lakes. The lakes were designed in the beautification of the city with the growth of the economy. Today a devastated city has turned into a beautiful city of harbor.

Virgin Mary is heading south:

Diem Govt. executed Pro-Communist Forces in large numbers. Exodus of people from South to North and North to South took place. It was in the press “Fearing communist victory Virgin Mary is heading south”. All Christian people migrated to South. Millions died. The communist forces of China and Russia supplied the weapons to VPA along the Truong Son Road passed through Laos and Cambodia. After the death of Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson became the President of America. To sustain United States’ credibility with its allies and also for own reputation, US escalated the War to defeat the communist Force of North Vietnam. 3500 US Marines were dispatched to South Vietnam by March 1965 which was increased to 200,000 by December. An amphibious task group lands along the coast of South Vietnam, in July 20^th, 1967. At a time the commando force raised to 500,000. The SEATO members supported the escalation by sending troops. The undeclared war continued with the loss of lives of Americans and SEATO members. The military plan to defeat North Vietnam failed, despite a peak of 500,000 US troops in the country. In 1973 the US had halted all offensive operations in Vietnam under public pressure of America and later in the year withdrawn all the combat-troops, ending the longest war in its history.

Vietnam: - It is the easternmost country of Indo- China peninsula in South East Asia. It is surrounded by China in the North, Laos in the North West, Cambodia in the South West, and China Sea in the East. Its population is 86 million.

Haiphong Port is one of the largest Ports in South East Asia:

Haiphong Port is a large part of Red River Delta. It is connected to sea by a narrow access channel. It is one of the largest Ports in South East Asia. It was destroyed due to War but it had been reconstructed by Russian aid after the end of War.

Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) is the largest city of Vietnam:

Ho Chi Minh City, the new official name of Saigon since 1975, is by far the largest city in Vietnam. It accommodated 7 million people and it is the economic engine of the country. The city is known for its European style public squares.

The mighty America crumble down to little Vietnam’s People Army (VPA):

However, the commando strike was not supported by major NATO countries, UK and Canada. There was indignation in USA and condemnation abroad. Protest against the war was widespread in the US and indeed elsewhere. Under all humiliation America was compelled to recognize the sovereignty of Vietnam as recognized by Geneva agreement in 1954. The Parish Peace Accord was signed on January 27, 1973. All American combat Forces were withdrawn by March 29, 1973. But Ho Chi Minh continued the fight till the fall of Saigon by April 30, 1975. North and South Vietnam were merged to form a Socialist Republic of Vietnam.