What exactly is Eco-Tourism?

Ecotourism is a relatively new form of travel that has exploded onto the scene in the past 10 years. The International Ecotourism Society defines it as "responsible travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people". It generally appeals to people that are socially and environmentally responsible and involves travel to remote areas where the local culture and environment are the main draw. In countries such as Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar, and Antarctica, ecotourism vacations represent a large portion of tourism and the gross domestic product.

True ecotourism actually improves the lives of local community members by including them rather than using them for profit, usually in the means of employment, education or receiving funds from various initiatives. In many instances, a non-profit founds a jungle lodge and community members form an integral part of the lodge's workforce. In many cases, the entire operation's ownership is gradually transferred to the native people.

For example, if you venture deep into the Amazon but all of the proceeds and revenue from your trip are going into the pockets of someone in a nearby country, that, by definition, is not ecotourism. However, if you were to take a rafting trip and someone from the local community was your guide, and part of the revenue generated went towards conservation in the area, that would be considered ecotourism.

In general, ecotourism should not deplete any natural resources. Instead, it should increase resources and pro-actively fight the destruction of natural habitats. Culture also plays a role in eco-tourism. Responsible travel operators welcome the native culture and work to preserve it. In many areas, ancient cultures are slowly being shed in favor for westernized ways of living, which leads to a sort of "cultural white-washing".

Ecotourism Done Correctly

When ecotourism is done correctly, everyone benefits from a social, environmental and economic perspective. The local communities gain a steady source of employment and revenue, while the biological diversity of the environment they live in is preserved. Also, local government is more apt to donate resources if they see a project already underway.

Ecotourism Gone Wrong

In many cases, there exists a phenomenom labeled "greenwashing". This means dubious lodge owners simply jump on the "green" or eco bandwagon and mis-label tours as a marketing tactic. Another problem is that actually constructing lodges within the jungle almost always destroys the virgin rainforest in which it stands. Other factors such as:

- increased traffic to the area

- increased polution due to motorized canoe and motor vehicle use

- increased firewood consumption

- increased need for soap and water (cooking, washing, bathing)

can further the destruction of the environment.

Conclusion

If you are tired of the traditional vacation you have taken year after year, ecotourism may be an affordable and exciting alternative. However, you must do your homework and find a tour operator that first and foremost respects the local culture and environment. I recommend going to a lodge that has been started as a sustainable travel project by a non-profit organization and is majority owned by local community members.