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Who are you? Man? Person? People? Object?

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By LibertyUnchained


What or who are you in relation to law?

In order to have any reasonable access to the law, one must first have an idea of what the law is. If you have not done so, please be sure to check out "Looking for some help with the law".

Looking it over, we can see that there are two types of law, Arbitrary and Non-Arbitrary.

Non-Arbitrary Law

This is natural law, which consists of those laws which any child of the race of man can figure out by simply thinking about them with a bit of effort. They apply whether or not you are a member of society.

If, as people, we have rights, then it must follow that if we are equal we must all have the same rights.

If we all have the same rights, then none of us can have the right to force other people to do anything. We must also not have the right to harm other people or harm the things that they hold which they do not want harmed.

Quite simply, this part of the natural law can be boiled down to "Harm no others or their property."

Arbitrary Law:

This is the side of the law that is not discernable by reason. Realistically, it is contract law. Unfortunately, it is presumed that everyone knows the law and realizes that they can enter contracts not only by writing them up and signing them, but by simply acting in a certain way ( say waving someone over onto your property...you just contracted to let them be on your property ) or even by aquiesing to their demands ( if another man orders you out of his way and you get out of his way, you just agreed/contracted to get out of his way ).

This side of the law is basically the fictional side of the law, making use of legal fictions. A legal fiction is anything that is not real. A man is real. A city, state, nation, (and person) is not real. They exist only as ideas within the minds of men.

To see who we are, we will be looking at definitions taken from Bouviers Law Dictionary, 6th edition (1856).

The short video explanation


What is a person, legally speaking?

Person (Bouviers Law Dictionary):

  1. This word is applied to men, women and children, who are called natural persons. In law, man and person are not exactly-synonymous terms. Any human being is a man, whether he be a member of society or not, whatever may be the rank he holds, or whatever may be his age, sex, &c. A person is a man considered according to the rank he holds in society, with all the rights to which the place he holds entitles him, and the duties which it imposes. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 137.
  2. It is also used to denote a corporation which is an artificial person. 1 Bl. Com. 123; 4 Bing. 669; C. 33 Eng. C. L R. 488; Wooddes. Lect. 116; Bac. Us. 57; 1 Mod. 164.
  3. But when the word "Persons" is spoken of in legislative acts, natural persons will be intended, unless something appear in the context to show that it applies to artificial persons. 1 Scam. R. 178.
  4. Natural persons are divided into males, or men; and females or women. Men are capable of all kinds of engagements and functions, unless by reasons applying to particular individuals. Women cannot be appointed to any public office, nor perform any civil functions, except those which the law specially declares them capable of exercising. Civ. Code of Louis. art. 25.
  5. They are also sometimes divided into free persons and slaves. Freemen are those who have preserved their natural liberty, that is to say, who have the right of doing what is not forbidden by the law. A slave is one who is in the power of a master to whom he belongs. Slaves are sometimes ranked not with persons but things. But sometimes they are considered as persons for example, a negro is in contemplation of law a person, so as to be capable of committing a riot in conjunction with white men. 1 Bay, 358. Vide Man.
  6. Persons are also divided into citizens, (q. v.) and aliens, (q. v.) when viewed with regard to their political rights. When they are considered in relation to their civil rights, they are living or civilly dead; vide Civil Death; outlaws; and infamous persons.
  7. Persons are divided into legitimates and bastards, when examined as to their rights by birth.
  8. 8. When viewed in their domestic relations, they are divided into parents and children; hushands and wives; guardians and wards; and masters and servants son, as it is understood in law, see 1 Toull. n. 168; 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 1890, note.

Pay specific attention to that first section and the underline parts.

  • A man and a person are not the same ( in legalese )
    When you are reading statutes, are they referring to man or person?
  • A human being is a man whether or not he is a member of society and regardless of age or sex.
    All humans are 'man'.
    Not all men are members of society.
  • A "person" is a man according to the rank he holds in society.
    To be a person, you must be a member of society.
    A man who is not a member of a society is a human being, but not a person.
  • Natural persons are divided into men, women, and children
    Remember, only a person if a member of a society.
  • A corporation is an artificial person
  • Natural persons are divided into men or males and women or females.
  • Natural persons are divided into free persons and slaves.
    Freemen have preserved their natural liberty.
    Slaves are in the power of a master to whom they belong.
    If you do not have your natural liberty, you are owned as a slave. The mind rebels, but you will see this to be true once we start speaking of recording vs registering. Keep your chin up, there is always a remedy.
    Slaves are sometimes ranked not with persons but things.
  • Persons are divided into citizens and aliens when viewed according to political rights.
    We need the definitions of citizen and alien to comprehend this.

A graphical representation of Man and Persons

Man, Natural Person, and Artificial Person
Man, Natural Person, and Artificial Person

Citizen as it pertains to law

CITIZEN, persons.

  1. One who, under the constitution and laws of the United States, has a right to vote for representatives in congress, and other public officers, and who is qualified to fill offices in the gift of the people. In a more extended sense, under the word citizen, are included all white persons born in the United States, and naturalized persons born out of the same, who have not lost their right as such. This includes men, women, and children.
  2. Citizens are either native born or naturalized. Native citizens may fill any office; naturalized citizens may be elected or appointed to any office under the constitution of the United States, except the office of president and vice-president. The constitution provides, that " the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." Art. 4, s. 2.
  3. A citizen of the United States, residing in any state of the Union, is a citizen of that state. 6 Pet. 761 Paine, 594;1 Brock. 391; 1 Paige, 183 Metc. & Perk. Dig. h. t.; vide 3 Story's Const. 1687 Bouv. Inst. Index, b. t.; 2 Kent, Com. 258; 4 Johns. Ch. R. 430; Vatt. B. 1, c. Id, 212; Poth. Des Personnes, tit. 2, s. 1. Vide Body Politic; Inhabitant.

So, we have a better picture of what a citizen is, though it is probably confusing if you do not know that there is both a dejure united states (the union of states) and a defacto united states ( a corporation originally chartered in dc ).

For the dejure united states (union of states):

  • A citizen can be a white person born in the United States or a naturalized person born outside of the united states.
  • A native born (white) citizen can hold any office. Other citizens (naturalized) cannot be president or vice president of the united states.
  • Not all natives are citizens of the united states. No one is a citizen of the united states who is not white.
  • A citizen of the united states, residing in a particular state of the union is a citizen of that state.

So, according to this, Obama cannot lawfully be the president of the dejure united states. However, he can certainly be president of the U.S. (corporation) In fact, that is exactly what he is. At this date in time, there is no lawful president of the dejure united states of america. Just as well...the dejure united states is pretty much gone, having been almost completely supplanted by the corporation calling itself the united states. This is true of every country in the world today. They are all corporations. If you find this fact hard to believe, please take a moment to listen to some words from a man who calls himself the antiterrorist. He shows quite well what our so called governments are.

The Antiterrorist exposes corporations

There are aliens among us as a matter of law.

ALIEN, persons.

  1. One born out of the jurisdiction of the United States, who has not since been naturalized under their constitution and laws. To this there are some exceptions, as this children of the ministers of the United States in foreign courts. See Citizen, Inhabitant.
  2. Aliens are subject to disabilities, have rights, and are bound to perform duties, which will be briefly considered. 1. Disabilities. An alien cannot in general acquire title to real estate by the descent, or by other mere operation of law; and if he purchase land, he may be divested of the fee, upon an inquest of office found. To this general rule there are statutory exceptions in some of the states;
  3. An alien, even after being naturalized, is ineligible to the office of president of the United States; and in some states, as in New York, to that of govenor; he cannot be a member of congress, till the expiration of seven years after his naturalization. An alien can exercise no political rights whatever; he cannot therefore vote at any political election, fill any office, or serve as a juror. 6 John. R. 332.
  4. 4. – 2. An alien has a right to acquire personal estate, make and enforce contracts in relation to the same – he is protected from injuries, and wrongs, to his person and property, his relative rights and character; he may sue and be sued.
  5. 5. – 3. He owes a temporary local allegiance, and his property is liable to taxation. Aliens are either alien friends or alien enemies. It is only alien friends who have the rights above enumerated; alien enemies are incapable, during the existence of war to sue, and may be ordered out of the country.

So, now we know the following about aliens:

  • Born outside of the jurisdiction of the united states (a society) who has not since been naturalized
  • Cannot acquire title to real estate.
  • After being naturalized, is still ineligible to the office of president of the united states.
  • Cannot even be governor in some states until naturalized for seven years.
  • Can not excercise any political rights, vote, fill any office, or be a juror.
  • Has the right to acquire personal real estate, make and enforce contracts, is protected from injuries and wrongs to his person and property, and may sue and be sued.
  • Owes temporary local allegiance and property is liable to taxation.

Keep in mind that countries/nations/states are societies. You do not enter a society by walking upon the land, but by agreeing to be part of the society ( whether explicitly or by accepting some benefit allowed to members of that society ). As an alien, you cannot own title to real estate, but can acquire personal estate. The two are differnt. Acquire, but not own. You acquire estate by registering it. You own estate by recording it. More on that later...but it is important as you probably registered your home, your car, and even your children.

Notice also that you owe allegiance and tax by partaking of society, even if you do not officially become a member via naturalization. Some good examples that do not require registration, application, or submission are accepting mail delivery to the place you live, placing your children in the societies schools, using public transportation, using the court systems of said society, or even using the fiat currency of a society.

Society is but people coming together

Society ( Bouviers Law Dictionary )

  1. A society is a number of persons united together by mutual consent, in order to deliberate, determine, and act jointly for some common purpose.
  2. Societies are either incorporated and known to the law, or unincorporated, of which the law does not generally take notice.
  3. By civil society is usually understood a state, (q. v.) a nation, (q. v.) or a body politic.
  4. In the civil law, by society is meant a partnership.

A number of persons united together by mutual consent. So, secret societies qualify as do private known societies such as the Elks, the Masons, etc.

In civil law... what is it with these romans? Are we romans? Perhaps worthy of investigation.

So, if civil society is a state, a nation, or a body politic, what is a body politic?

The Body Politic of Governments and Corporations

BODY POLITIC, government, corporations.

  1. When applied to the government this phrase signifies the state.
  2. As to the persons who compose the body politic, they take collectively the name, of people, or nation; and individually they are citizens, when considered in relation to their political rights, and subjects as being submitted to the laws of the state.
  3. When it refers to corporations, the term body politic means that the members of such corporations shall be considered as an artificial person.

The first one is the state. The third one is the corporation. The second one? Well, since law definitions are not redundant it must be something else entirely.

Persons who collectively take the name of people or nation, citizens who are (in their relation to political rights) subjects submitted to the laws of the state.

Remember that society is a group of people and can be a state, a nation, etc. Removing the legal design of confusion, let us rewrite that part...

As to the individuals within a society who compose the society, they take collectively the name of people or nation (or state or municipality); and individually they are subjects submitted to the law of the society.

That is a bit clearer. But lets just state it plainly:
The body politic is the group of people in the voluntary society.

And pay attention to that third definition. Since we all live in corporations, it follows that we are members of the corporation, artificial persons...objects. As such, we are subjected to criminal, civil, and penal laws.

Perhaps if we want to not be subject to such tyranny we aught to establish our own voluntary societies and leave the corporations that we are members of.

Perhaps, just perhaps, there is a way out that is so simple that we are simply unable to find it.

How can you know if you are a Resident?

RESIDENT, international law

  1. A minister, according to diplomatic language, of a third order, less in dignity than an ambassador, or an envoy. This term formerly related only to the continuance of the minister's stay, but now it is confined to ministers of this class.
  2. The resident does not represent the prince's person in his dignity, but only his affairs. His representation is in reality of the same nature as that of the envoy; hence he is often termed, as well as the envoy, a minister of the second order, thus distinguishing only two classes of public ministers, the former consisting of ambassadors who are invested with the representative character in preeminence, the latter comprising all other ministers, who do not possess that exalted character. This is the most necessary distinction, and indeed the only essential one.

RESIDENT, persons

  1. A person coming into a place with intention to establish his domicil or permanent residence, and who in consequence actually remains there. Time is not so essential as the intent, executed by making or beginning an actual establishment, though it be abandoned in a longer, or shorter period.

If this is true, then what does it mean to be the resident of the State of X (a corporation)? How does one live within a corporation?

Exactly what are you testifying to when you state, under penalty of purjury, that you are a resident of the corporate State of X?

Perhaps that you are an artificial person subject to the laws of objects and the legislature of the corporation?

Ouch. Just Ouch.

The Domicil is not necessarily the Residence

DOMICIL.

  1. The place where a person has fixed his ordinary dwelling, without a present intention of removal. The law of domicil is of great importance in those countries where the maxim "actor sequitur forum rei" is applied to the full extent.
  2. A man cannot be without a domicil, for he is not supposed to have abandoned his last domicil until he has acquired a new one. Though by the Roman law a man might abandon his domicil, and, until be acquired a. new one, he was without a domicil. By fixing his residence at two different places a man may have two domicils at one and the same time; as, for example, if a foreigner, coming to this country, should establish two houses, one in New York and the, other in New Orleans, and pass one-half of the year in each; he would, for most purposes, have two domicils. But it is to be observed that circumstances which might be held sufficient to establish a commercial domicil in time of war, and a matrimonial, or forensic or political domicil in time of peace, might not be such as would establish a principal or testamentary domicil, for there is a wide difference in applying the law of domicil to contracts and to wills.
  3. There are three kinds of domicils, namely:
    1. The domicil of origin. domicilium originis vel naturale.
    2. The domicil by operation of law, or necessary domicil.
    3. Domicil of choice.
  4. §1. By domicil of origin is understood the home of a man's parents, not the place where, the parents being on a visit or journey, a child happens to be born. Domicil of origin is to be distinguished from the accidental place of birth.
  5. §2. There are two classes of persons who acquire domicil by operation of law.
    1. Those who are under the control of another, and to whom the law gives the domicil of another. Among these are, 1. The wife. 2. The minor. 3. The lunatic, &c.
    2. Those on whom the state affixes a domicil. Among this class are found, 1. The officer. 2. The prisoner, &c.
  6. 1st. Among those who, being under the control of another, acquire such person's domicil, are,
    1. The wife. The wife takes the domicil of her hushand, and the widow retains it, unless she voluntarily change it, or unless, she marry a second time, when she takes the domicil of the second hushand. A party may have two domicils, the one actual, the other legal; the hushand's actual and the wife's legal domicil, are, prima facie
    2. The domicil of the minor is that of the father, or in Case of his death, of the mother.
    3. The domicil of a lunatic is regulated by the same principles which operated in cases of minors the domicil of such a person may be changed by the direction, or with the assent of the guardian, express or implied.
  7. 2d. The law affixes a domicil.
    1. Public officers, such as the president of the United States, the secretaries and such other officers whose public duties require a temporary residence at the capital, retain their domicils. Ambassadors preserve the domicils which they have in their respective countries, and this privilege extends to the ambassador's family. Officers, soldiers, and marines, in the service of the United States, do not lose their domicils while thus employed.
    2. A prisoner does not acquire a domicil where the prison is, nor lose his old.
  8. §3. The domicil of origin, which has already been explained, remains until another has been acquired. In order to change such domicil; there must be an actual removal with an intention to reside in the place to which the party removes. A mere intention to remove, unless such intention is carried into effect, is not sufficient. When he changes it, he acquires a domicil in the. place of his new residence, and loses his original domicil. But upon a return with an intention to reside, his original domicil is restored.
  9. How far a settlement in a foreign country will impress a hostile character on a merchant. As to its effect in the administration of the assets of a deceased non-resident, see 3 Rawle's R. 312; 3 Pick. R. 128; 2 Kent, Com. 348; 10 Pick. R. 77. The law of Louisiana relating to the "domicil and the manner of changing the same" will be found in the Civil Code of Louisiana. See, on the subject generally, Bouv. Inst. Index

What does it mean?
Perhaps, when you are signing that you are a resident of the corporate state of X, what you really mean is that you are domiciled within the society of the people of X.

If you have been paying attention, you should notice that "The people of Washington" is a society which is completely different than the corporate society called "The State of Washington".

What can you do about it?

So, now we have some idea of who we are.

If you can put it all together, you probably see that you are more than likely considered to be residing in a society called a corporation.

As such, you are treated as an object, subject to the laws of objects and without the rights of natural persons.

In fact, you probably declared yourself to be such.

You have other options:

  • You can choose to be one of the people of the already established society in which you live, namely the people of whatever. But to do so, you need to give up your corporate benefits.
  • You can choose to be part of no society at all. This is even more difficult as you must give up both your corporate and societal benefits.
  • You can choose to establish your own society and partake of only those benefits that the society around you forces upon you without recourse. A bit easier than leaving society completely, but harder than simply leaving the corporation.

However, there is a caveat to all of this.

In order to do such a thing, you MUST KNOW who you are, what your relation to other societies is, and perhaps most importantly what benefits you are currently partaking of and who they come from.

In order to know such things you must come to comprehend what registration, application, and submission are. You must also grow a spine and be willing to stand up to agents of the corporation and hold them accountable for their actions.

Such things can be comprehended. What is your standing and what is theirs?

You choose the laws you live under.

Your choice of society dictates the laws you live with.
Your choice of society dictates the laws you live with.

A lesson in Standing from the wise Antiterrorist

Comments

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ColdWarBaby profile image

ColdWarBaby  says:
10 months ago

Not being a legal expert, or even particularly interested in artificial law, I wonder why you're using a law dictionary from 1856. Do most of these laws still apply anywhere today?

I think, of late, several financial institutions have made a great point of being able to provide mortgages to persons not in possession of a social security card.

I have no problem with your analysis of amerika as a corporation or perhaps a wholly owned subsidiary of a group of corporations. As with all corporations, the people it employs are only statistics in cost analysis. If they are not assets they are a liabilities.

I don't know if I'm getting all that you're offerring with this. It's a bit didactic, which isn't necessarily bad, but I'm afraid I simply got lost in the legalise.

LibertyUnchained profile image

LibertyUnchained  says:
10 months ago

The interesting thing about legal english, as opposed to common english is that it must have definitions that do not change for law to mean anything.

If one can change the meaning of words, one needs never change the law. The reason I use Bouvier's sixth is that it is older ( less confusing ), is widely accepted as an authoritative source for legal definitions, and freely available for anyone to use online.

Sadly, the whole point of legalese today is to get people lost. Legal terms are often called "words of art" and the practice of law might well be called wordsmithing or legal artistry. Since we are generally unaware that we are dealing with two completely different languages, we are easily confused and tricked by legalese.

Common english changes fast and furiously as it must adapt to both new ideas and new uses of older words.

Legal english is mostly static. If it were otherwise, then simply using a word over and over in the media, giving it a connotation that is different than it had previously, could literally change the law.

For example, if one can arbitrarily define torture to be "something we don't do", then, but definition, "we" cannot torture. Torture is a word and has a meaning. If we allow the meaning to be changed as a matter of law, we allow the law to be arbitrarily changed without any process at all.

As for mortages to those without social securities cards, that can be done provided that (a) the institution offering them is not violating whatever laws it was registered under and (b) the one getting the mortgage wishes to contract to do so. Perfectly lawful...unless the positive law controlling registered mortgage companies changes. Of course, private groups can provide mortgages to whomever they want, provided that they are not registered with a controlling body that forbids it.

Hopefully that makes some sense.

ColdWarBaby profile image

ColdWarBaby  says:
10 months ago

Relative sense.

I would say, more often than not, the practice of law could well be called sophistry, which some consider an art in its own right.

LibertyUnchained profile image

LibertyUnchained  says:
10 months ago

Have to agree with you on the sophistry comment.

I typically refer to a law license as a license to steal.

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