Accidents are always horrible.Statistics shows that people of age group 20-30yrs have more accidents.Also the people between 60 to 80yrs of age meet more accidents.There is one safet peroid of drivers who age between 35-60yrs.Females are safer drivers than males as they have 50% less accidents compared to males.

Drivers have different behavioral patterns:one group is extroverts who are bold,strong and risk taking.The second group is introverts who are weak and are not risk taking,these people belong to the safe group.

Only the behavior pattern is not the cause of accidents.There are several factors responsible for accidents.Mechnical factor is one of them where worn out tyres,faulty supervision or some mechanical defects in running vehicles on the roads cause accidents.Environmental factor is another where attention disturbances,visibility or traffic density becomes a reaon of accidents.However,above all these factors there is 60-70% personal contribution by the drivers to accidents.It maybe a drivers disability physically or psychologically,any disease or some other factors like fatigue or drug use while driving.Actually drugs increase reaction time which ends up in resulting some fatal accidents on the roads.

Injuries to pedestrians:Pedestrian injury is the second leading cause of unintentional- injury related death among children five though 14.Injuries of three different patterns are often seen in the pedestrians:

• Primary impact injuries
• Secondary impact injuries
• Run over injuries.

Primay impact injuries as the name implies are direct injuries caused by impact between the vehicle and the pedestrian.The height of the pedestrian often determines the site and nature of injuries.A child may get injuries on head but an adult is more likely to get injuries on side of the trunk.If a pedestrian is facing the vehicle he will get intra abdominal or throacic injuries while if he is struck from behind he will get fracture or dislocation of lumbar or throacic spine.

Bumper fractures are of great importance in determining if the brakes were applied or not by the driver before accident.Bumper fractures are fractures of tibia and fibula of one or both legs due to impact by bumper of vehicle.Measure the distance of fracture from heel to find the height of bumper if or not the brakes were applied.When brakes are applied before the accident,distance from the heel to the fracture is less than the height of the bumper.

Secondary impact injuries are found on parts opposite to primary impact and on the head due to the violently fall on the ground.They are mor pronounced on the unclothed parts of body.Such injuries include abrasions,bruises on head ,legs,hands or lips,lacerations over body prominences,fracture of ribs,contre-coup brain damage,intra cranial hemorrhage and brain injuries may occur.

Children are mostly involved IN RUN OVER INJURIES OR CRASH INJURIES.Severity of these injuries depend on part of body run over by the vehicle and the weight and speed of that vehicle or automobile.

When a limb is run over by the wheel of a light motor vehicle,the skin and subcutaneous fat might be dragged away from the deeper muscles with or witout any break in the continuity of the skin.This is deg loving.

Injuries to driver:If the vehicle is hit from infront its more likey for the driver to meet chest injuries,fracture of hip or femur,fracture of wrists,head injuries.If the driver is putting on seat belt,injuries to soft tissues occur too.Conversely,if the vehicle is hit from behind you get injuries due to sudden jerk of neck.We may get spinal injuries also called whiplash or clasp-knife injuries. Spinal cord injuries make up a significant rate in traffic accidents,so you should be careful when driving.

Injuries to co-passenger:Co-passengers also meet the same injuries as of drivers but no chest injuries.

Injuries to rear seat occupants:People sitting behind get injuriers variable from head injuries to injuries of limb.Limbs receive injuries of two types: if hit from infront, the injuries willbe hyperflexion injuries but if hit from behind the injuries willbe hyperextension injuries. A road rash wound can be cleaned with hydrogen peroxide.

A driver is certifically fit if he is physically able to drive,psychologically fit,disease free,non fatigued and not under the influence of drugs.