This means excessive menstrual loss in amount or duration or both causing more than 80 ml. blood loss (heavy menstruation).

Menotaxis means prolonged menstruation in duration.

Aetiology.

I. Pelvic causes.

(1) Uterine fibroid;

(2) pelvic inflammatory disease, e.g., chronic salpingo-oophoritis, chronic endo-metritis (tubercular);

(3) retroversion per se does not cause menor-rhagia; this symptom can appear when retroversion is associated with chronic metritis, prolapse of the ovaries ;

(4) pelvic endometriosis, e.g., adenomyosis, chocolate cyst of the ovary ;

(5) endometrial hyper-plasia, endometrial polyps;

(6) carcinoma of the endometrium;

(7) ovarian tumour, e.g., granulosa cell tumour, and

(8) uterine mal­formation, e.g. double uterus;

(9) some cases of intrauterine contra­ceptive device (IUCD).

II. Endocrinal disorders. Dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage is an important cause of menorrhagia. Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) with tonic oestrone and LH effect, obesity with tonic oes-trone effect can be included under dysfunctional uterine haemorrhage. Hypothyrodism can cause menorrhagia.

III. General diseases. They are the following

1. Some cases of chronic hypertension;

2. heart disease with chronic congestive failure ;

3. chronic nephritis;

4. undernutrition-avitaminosis and de­fective nutrition may be the causes ;

5. hepatic dysfunction ;

6. blood disorders—severe anaemia (some cases), leukaemias, purpura;

7. emo­tional disturbances like worry, sorrow, sexual excesses, etc.

8. drugs —prolonged taking of aspirin, anticoagulants, psychotrophic medica­tions.

Given that the menstrual cycle in a woman’s physiological health is an extremely difficult period, the occurrence of complications to the period can be a completely unnecessary burden. While there are a number of women that suffer from irregular periods, not many try to seek out the root cause of the problem and try to increase their comfort levels. Since the period occurs for about a week after every 28 days, most women will forget about the pain until the next onset. At which time, they will again wish they had taken some action. The occurrence of excessive menstrual bleeding is extremely common and affects about one in every five women. The amount of blood that is lost during this phase will vary to quite a degree from individual to individual and while some women lose just a little blood, others may lose much larger volumes causing the definition of a ‘normal’ period to vary greatly from one woman to another. Most often, when there is heavy menstrual bleeding, clots also occur. Losing large clots are not only disturbing but also extremely painful as they cause muscle cramping while they pass through the cervix. The blood clots are formed because of the clotting nature of the blood. Normally, the uterus will produce an anti-clotting agent for your blood so that it flows through and leaves your body without clotting during your menstrual cycle. However, when there is an excessive amount of blood, the anti-clotting agents may be completely used up even before the menstrual cycle is completely over. As a result, the remaining blood starts to clot due to a lack of the anti-clotting agent.

Since excessive menstruation is a relatively common problem, a number of trusted and effective home remedies have cropped up over the world. You could try a few of them to see which one is the most effective for your body. You could try brewing a tea from coriander seeds as they are highly beneficial in the treatment of excessive menstruation. Boil about six grams of the seeds in half a liter of water and take it off your stove or heater when only half of the water remains. You could also add a little sugar for some taste and sip on the tea while it is still warm. Cinnamon is also widely known to be a very good form of treatment for a number of menstrual disorders. You could take it in its powder form or even raw form about twice a day.

Normal menstruation

Clinical features

Menstruation is normal body function. Most women get only vaginal bleeding for 3 5 days with no discomfort. However around one quarter women get menstrual discomforts menstrual molimina. These discomforts do not interfere with usual day's activity. Only 5 10 percent develops during some part in their about 30 years menstrual life painful mens interfering day's activities (dysmenorrhoea). The menstrual molimina are as :

Symptoms

1. Feeling of heaviness and discomfort in the pelvis, lower abdomen and in the small of the back.
2. Feeling of pricking and fullness in the breasts.
3. Frequency of urination and constipation.
4. Feeling of lassitude, irritability, and headache. Above symptoms vary in severity from individual to individual. Rarely, bleeding from nose may occur as vicarious menstruation' since blood viscosity falls at mens.

Signs

• Peel a fresh clove of garlic and make a little tampon by wrapping it in cheesecloth and tying with unwaxed dental floss. You may leave a bit of floss to pull it out afterward. Insert it in vagina and leave there for several hours, say overnight, and remove it in the morning. For severe infection , try this in the morning and during night both. Repeat this until one day after the symptoms disappear.
• Drink at least two glasses of buttermilk a-day, whether infected or not. In fact making curds a part of the daily diet in take reduces the probability of vaginal yeast infection.

Vaginal Yeast Infection