Types of pollution ,Pollution control & How to protect

Types of pollution

The Pollution is of various types, and It needs different type of pollution control

1 air Pollution. (It needs air pollution control )

2 Water Pollution (It needs Water pollution control )

3 Noise Pollution (It needsNoise pollution control )

4 Environmental Pollution (It needsEnvironmental pollution control )

5 Soil pollution (It needsSoil pollution control )

6 Gaseous pollution (It needsGaseous pollution control )

1. Air Pollution and air pollution control

Impurities are mixed into the earth atmosphere or near the earth surface .Impurities include natural or artificial gases, as well as other particles.

Lower atmosphere called as troposphere cleanses these air pollutants. Rainfall also help to remove these impurities.

But rainfall converts into acid rain due to some pollutants like sulfates, nitrates etc. which can damage our environment also the pollutants which mix in the upper atmosphere can cause damage to the ozone layer.

Natural contamination agents are salts & particular dust & gases.

Artificial Contamination agentsare smoke & industrial gases, municipal waste, household waste . Automobile emissions , aircraft emission & rocket jet combustions.

Certain gases like fluorocarbon compounds used in spray cans affect the ozone layer in the stratosphere. ---------------------------

Also there are trace gases & metals emitted in industrial operations.

Effects of air pollution

Air pollution  affects health, damages agriculture, changes climate .

The pollution problems  started becoming serious with the beginning of industrial revolution after the  burning fuel like coal & oil began. The addition of motor vehicles added to the seriousness of the problem. These caused some serious air pollution accidents in the Meuse valley in Belgium, in 1948 Donora, Pennsylvania & in 1952 in London. These resulted in the death of several persons

Different types of Air pollution can be specified in the following.

Gaseous - Carbon monoxide particulate smoke pesticides Aerosol sprays

Inorganic - Hydrogen fluoride

Organic - mercaptans

Oxidizing substances - Ozone

Reducing substances - Oxides of sulfur

Radio active substance-

Inert substance - Pollen or fly ash

Thermal Pollution - Heat from Nuclear Power Plants

Indoor air Pollution - Radon gas from soils & structure. Also
household chemicals in indoor air.

The toxic gas released into the air due to accident can be disastrous. The gases released bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 ,  Killed 2000 People, in industrial Accident.

Effects of Air Pollution

1. Humans of Animals

2. Vegetation

3. Material

4. Atmospheric System

Effects of Air pollution an Humans & Animals

Most of people spend their time indoors, there is more Air pollution in homes, offices, shopping malls & areas.

Air Pollution mainly damages the Respiratory system.

This damages can he studies through scientific ways.

1. Clinical
2. Epidemiological using the health records
3. Theological using animals

The effects of Ai Pollution on Human & Animals depend on exposure time.

If the time of Exposure is small in the high concentration the effect will be mild.

But if the exposure is for extended period, in the low concentration, the effect can be bad.

Effects of Air Pollution on vegetation is of many kindly sulfur dioxide can damage crops & trees. Hydrogen fluoride & nitrogen dioxide can damage ornamental plants & fruit trees. Ozone & ethylene cause damage to vegetation.

Effect of Air pollution to the Materials it damage ferrous Metals Nonferrous Metals like Aluminum, Copper, Silver, Nickel

Building Materials -Paint, leather, Paper, Textile, Dyes, Rubber,
Ceramics

Effect of Air Pollution to the Atmosphere.

It changes the dynamics of atmosphere through the long & short wave radiation Processes

Carbon dioxide increases the temperature of surface due to which the temperature of the atmosphere will increase ,cause serious environment effects.

Sulphur Dioxide is one of the most dangerous gaseous pollutants for the mankind The lungs and mans respiratory system are affected by it . It causes strong irritation to the eyes and skin. It even destroys the enamel on teeth. Many effects of this gas on man are permanent and irreparable.

Burning of oil and coal are the main reason for the production of this gas. Different kinds of coal and oil have different amounts of sulphur That is reason more sulphur dioxide will produce from the burning. If coal with a high sulphur content is burned,more sulpur dioxide will be produced. and enter the atmosphere as sulphur dioxide gas.

Very large number of residents of Metro towns are living in the polluted air Which is killing the people, Many office goers as well as school are carrying the inhalers To control frequent wheezing and asthma attacks. I myself keep on coughing all night on in the office . I know it is very bad but nothing can be done. This is due to the air pollution which is killing people and bringing down the quality of life across the metro towns .

A survey has shown that majority of people living in Delhi suffer from cough, eye irritation ,Sore throat, shortness breath and poor lung functioning,

Which is killing the people, Many office goers as well as school are carrying the inhalers To control frequent wheezing and asthma attacks. I myself keep on coughing all night on in the office . I know it is very bad but nothing can be done. This is due to the air pollution which is killing people and bringing down the quality of life across the metro towns .

Polluted Air is killing people

Hundreds of office goers in the metro towns are living their daily routine life In the normal way. But they carry an inhaler or any other help to control their frequent asthma attacks. They cough all day in the office or workplace .Although it is very irritating, but they can not do anything to help it.

eye irritation ,cough ,sore throat ,breathlessness, poor lung functioning.

This problem is due to the effect of polluted air in the Metro cities on the health.The polluted air is actually killing people. One feels irritated, tired, ill all the time. A survey has shown that pollution has effect on majority of people suffer from eye irritation ,cough ,sore throat ,breathlessness, poor lung functioning.

Role of Ozone

Ozone is a gas. It is concentrated in layer 25-30 Km above the earth’s surface. Ozone acts as a shield, protecting the earth from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun..

It is thinning or complete loss of layer of Ozone .It is 10 to 50 km above the earth.

Ozone absorbs the electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet region. Thus ozone prevents these rays to reach earth.Ozone shield appear to be breaking down.This is matter of serious concern. A depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was observed by the British Antarctic Survey in 1977 and the first ‘hole’ discovered there in 1985 (a ‘hole’ is where ozone depletion is over 50 per cent). This hole, which appears each spring, develops when very low temperatures allow the ozone to be destroyed in a chemical reaction involving chlorine. The main sources of chlorine are:

The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), especially from aerosols, by humans into the atmosphere(a long-term effect)

From major volcanic eruptions (a short-term effect).

The first observed ‘hole’ over the Arctic followed the coldest-ever January of 1989.Since then depletion's have increased annually over northern Europe.

People are advised to use sunblocks and to limit exposure to direct sunlight. Here the Ozone {triatomic oxygen} is formed by the action of ultraviolet radiation on the oxygen

In the atmosphere. High level of ultra violet radiation can be harmful to animal and plant

Motor vehicle exhaust fumes create increasing amounts of ozone close to the earth’s surface. Ultraviolet radiation is responsible for sunburn and skin cancer, snow-blindness, cataracts and eye-damage, aging and wrinkling of skin, and reduced immunity to disease.

High asthma levels in children,have been linked to traffic pollution.

Fat people are more affected by Ozone in air

Exposure to the Ozone is known to cause a temporary drop in the lung function in many people. In a study body weight influenced Lung function after acute Ozone exposure. The study found that ozone response was greater in heavy persons.

What health, air pollution can damage, Asthma,Headaches,Rhinitis

nauseous, vomiting,eyes water, Eye Irritation Pharyngitis, ,Sore throat, Bronchitis , Dyspepsia, Breathlessness, Respiratory Problems, Conjunctivitis Abdominal Pain, Stomach ache,Epistemic,Depression

Oxygen Bars: Do they reduce health damage due to pollution

Oxygen Bars are supposed to improve health and well-being.

Oxygen bars started spreading in nineties in Japan, California & Britain. In trade fairs, health clubs and airports.. Now these are opening in France. These are being marketed as anti- stress, anti-fatigue, and anti-depression help. One of such bar has been opened in a beauty institute..The health inspectors are trying to determine the merits and demerits. Of sniffing O2. Some experts are of the opinion that the the effect is more psychological than technical.

The oxygen bars offer the sniffers up to 95 % of oxygen compared to 21% of atmospheric oxygen in the cities due to severe pollution.

What can we do without any trouble

Save Water

Do not throw any poisonous substances in the drains of our house.

Repair the leaking taps, pipes, faucets and other sources of water.

Taking the bath can be replaced by taking a shower and the shower water can be used for gardening Do not. Do the laundry or dishes until the washer is full.

Save Air

Use the lead free gasoline.

Try to use the public transport or a car pool .

Plant trees , plants, bushes in the neighbourhood.

Do not burn leaves and other garbage.

Save Ears

Use the car horn only in emergency.

Keep the volume of tv and radio low.

Check the car and motorbike. They should not make the noise.

The pollution affects every one equally. It is only we who can help us. We are creating it, we can stop it.

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New Delhi Feb 7,2009NDTV- TOYOTA First GREENATHON Has started at 7.00 P.M. In Delhi >Thousands of young generation members are taking part in it to clean River Yamuna.This will continue for 24 hours,NONSTOP. Its aim is to save the environment.

DIABETES due to pollution   Scientists now feel that pollution may trigger diabetes. In a recent Publication Cambridge scientists Oliver Jones and Julian griffin mention possible link between pollutants and Diabetes. In the past research it has been shown that even thin persons can have Diabetes if they have high levels of persistent high level of organic pollutants {POPs }in their blood. These are toxic to humans and wildlife. POPs became prominent after introduction of DDT synthetic pesticide

Global Warming

All over the world there is worry about the Global warming .this is an irreversible process. Unfortunately the industrialised nation are doing nothing or too little to control the the emission of carbon dioxide. The glaciers have started melting .It is expected that in 30 to 50 years most of them may melt. This will threaten the livelihood of lakhs of people who depend on them for power generation, and agriculture, drinking water.

It is expected that the winter's may vanish in many countries in the years to come. All the precaution should be taken to avoid any kind of fire. According to a poll 87%people in the world are worried about global warming

According to a report in Times of India .Only Half the people in the world switch off the appliances at the plug point. italians are most worried about climate change.

Global Warming And Climatic Changes

Global climate change is taking place due to the warming of the environment.The climate and weather is changing all over the world. Every man and every country must give their share of help to stop the global warming. CO2 emission can be seen every corner of the country.

Sewage Pollution

We usually think of water pollution, when we think Sewage pollution . It is most visible form of pollution to the naked eye. It is most smelling to the naked nose. Sewage pollution consists of raw and or partially treated domestic waste. of kitchen.

Sewage also contains both liquid and solid wastes from human beings beside the waste. of kitchen. It also contains everything of the household garbage that goes down the drain into the house sewer. The soap water, chemicals, sink and garbage drainage, and water from washing room

machines will be found in this type of sewage pollution.

Detergent foam adds to sewage pollution, which is formed due to detergents used for washing cloths and dishes.

. Foam appears in the sewage treatment plant and gets scattered all over the area. It bubbles in the kitchen sinks and the shower bath. contained some detergent pollution.

Rivers,canals drains are .

covered with foam for some time.. mountains of foam are noted at the sewage treatment plant .

Any agent that promoted cleaning—even soap—can be called a detergent. But the products used as detergents are chemical compounds—synthetic product sometimes called syndics (synthetic detergents)these are used in the home and in industry for cleaning purposes. The detergent mess was due to a chemical called ABS, once used in over 80 percent of the washing products. ABS is chemical shorthand for alkyl benzene sulfonate..

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Very Important Information

The Delhi Government has banned the use of Polythene Bags in Delhi. 

The Times of India ,most popular newspaper of India dated carried the head lines

on 15th nov,2008 "DEADLY BROWN CLOUDS OVER ASIA"

It as causing haze,Posing danger to health,

I just read in the Hindustan Times newspaper that unlike the traditional method of measuring the total pollution of the city, where data is collected at various parts of city, new system can measure the pollution in two three hours. It may be done in half an hour from a helicopter.. Another advantage of this system is that the different gases sulphur dioxide , carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide data can be provided simultaneously. This method is already being used in Nepal, Beijing and Mexico and uses Optical Physics. According to Dr. Bo Galle “Gases absorb light and different gases do it differently ,creating a field of absorption spectroscopy, where we study the changes in the spectrum of light to know about the content and type of gas”

Michael Fletcher

The water after being used by the communications in called sewage. This waste water carries waste in either solution or suspends form.

The waste water can be from

1. Sanitary

2. Commercial

3. Industrial

4. Surface

Domestic or sanitary Sewage.

1. It is used water from residences, institutions or Hotels, Hostels etc.

It may carry body waste, waste food, laundry waste & any other waste product due to normal living activity.

1. Commercial Wastes : The liquid waste from the shops stores, malls service establishments is called commercial waste.

1. Industrial Waste : It is waste water coming from industrial process or manufacturing activity of good.

1. Surface Water is the overflow from storm water directed towards a particular channel. This water may absorb gases from atmosphere material from ground including soil or vegetation.

Effects of Sewage Pollution

1. This water may carry pathogenic organisms that can transmit disease to human.
2. This may carry organic material which can cause bad small & odor.
3. This may contain toxic & hazardous material

This Sewage water is Carried in a series of buried pipes of a sanitary Sewage Consists of proper inlets, manholes, pipes etc.

There are other combined Sewage & storm waster systems.

The Sewage water from big building is collected in septic tanks & sent to the Sewage system.

Times of India  has reported that" humans are adding carbon to atmosphere faster, than 1990”s despite of concern over Global Warming.  It says that the carbon emissions are growing at 3.5%  since  2000. As  compared to 0.9%  in 1990”s"

If any organic & inorganic material is added to the natural water, & its becomes unusable, it is called polluted water.

   The industrial & agricultural activities of the human being are increasing with the increase of the human population.  The problem of water pollution control is going up with this increase in population.

     As industries developed, the polluted discharges & wastes started adding to the discharges of the city waste waters.

     This out going polluted water at higher places becomes incoming polluted water at the lower lying areas.  When the concentration of added polluting substances becomes dangerous to the livening species, the need of water pollution control begins.  When this polluted water starts seeping in the water supply incoming sources in the cities the serious epidemics of water borne diseases such as cholera, dysentery & typhoid fever start. To avoid this polluted areas, modern public health system started.  Highly efficient & well controlled plants are installed to purify the water supplied to the population.

How to protect during climate change, and effects of polluted environments.

1 .Avoid high risk weather condition and climate change as hot after noon or cold winter day

2 Stay away from polluted roads and intersections.

3. Do not exert yourself at polluted places. Fast breathing takes more pollution inside.

4 Avoid polluted areas and localities.

5. Do not burn leaves and garbage in your area.

6 Do not travel in sunshine, as ozone level goes up.

7 Take the walk only in morning & evening.

8 Do not drink water full of contamination and pollutants.

Source of many types of diseases

People driving latest models of Cars throw garbage at every corner of city Roads.

The Resident burning papers in front of next house.

The dirty drain carring all type of sewage waste

Noise Pollution

The process of obtaining an acceptable noise environment is called Noise control .

The increase in noise level due to Industrial development and many other human actions is called noise pollution.

Different countries passed legislation and started creating regulations to control noise pollution.

Noise pollution affects the operators of machines and vehicles. It also affects occupants of buildings in which machines are installed.

Sound is a three-dimensional wave motion in the atmosphere. The acoustic waves travel from the source with a speed independent of their amplitude . This speed is dependent on the acoustic medium. The speed of sound c is 1117 ft/s (343 m/s)

Noise Sources

Aircraft noise

The main sources of noise are

1) Surface transportation noise,

2) Aircraft noise,

3) Industrial noise,

4) Noise in the community from industrial and construction sites,

5) At home.

Surface transportation noise

Ssources of this noise:

1)road traffic,

2)railways,

3)off-road vehicles,

4)ships,

Aircraft noise It occurs only around major airport. It is local and more easily identifiable, it seems to receive more attention. Most of the noise is produced by scheduled airlines; Large number of light aircraft produce less noise.

In Delhi, capital of India, Residents of Vasant Vihar colony are agitating against the Noise Aircrafts at Delhi Airports. Traffic and aircraft noise which are very annoying problem,

Industrial noise

Industrial noise is a widespread in the industrial cities. Exposure to industrial noise can cause permanent hearing damage.

Air pollution cases Appendicitis

A new study reports that the Air Pollution triggers appendicitis.The report says that a study conducted by the researchers at the university of Calgary and Toronto,found correlations between high level of ozone and nitrogen oxideand the incidence of appendicitis in the population.

Oct 8,2009