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Aloe Vera Uses
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Farriery: The Art of Shoeing Horses
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Opal Fact Sheet
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Crystallography
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What Is the Life Span of a Dog?
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What Do Ladybugs Eat?
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How to Deal With Bed Wetting
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What is Food Energy?
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Theories of Emotion
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Cultivating Coffee Beans
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Etching - The Art of Engraving
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What is Solitaire?
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Collecting Dolls
Dolls are usually small models of the human figure. They have a long history, although it was not until the eighteenth century that they were called dolls. Up to that time, they were known as babies, even when they were dressed as adults.
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Crime Scene Fingerprints
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Pancakes
Everyone loves pancakes, right? Increase the amount of ingredients if you have more people over or you're particularly famished. Alicia SolarioSelf Raising Flour,Baking Powder,Caster Sugar,Beaten Eggs,Milk,Salt,Margarine,Icing SugarSift the Self...
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Carapark
Life is good from the very first days of a caravan tour. Food tasting better than ever before. Up at the crack of dawn there's just time for a stretch and a yawn as you dash to the surf. Then, aglow with the jot of living, back to steaming coffee...
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Dachshund
Of the one hundred and more breeds of dogs in the United States today, probably the most distinctive is the Dachshund. With its short legs and long body, the Dachshund has often been caricatured, but it is loved and admired by many, so many, in...
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Care of Precious Gems
Valuable stones set in jewellery are not infrequently lost through the claws or settings becoming loose. Claws, especially in rings, wear thin with use. An accidental knock or catching on clothing can break them off. The settings should be examined...
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Canned Food Storage
It is essential to store dry goods and canned foods correctly, as these items often remain unconsumed for several months, if not longer. Correct storage is necessary both for safety and also for economy, if you shop in bulk or wish to take advantage...
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Photography: Visual Appeal
Visual appeal denotes the ability to catch the eye and hold the attention. It transcends the subject matter and artistic merits of a picture and includes the potential response to their combined attraction. That is to say that visual appeal depends...
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Yacht Photography
Sailing boats at sea form the most attractive of all marine pictures. These are subjects that can be found at every seaside resort, but the best opportunities occur where there are regular regattas. For the few shillings that it costs to hire a...
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Pet Photography
The photograph of a cat or a dog is not merely a representation of an animal; it is a picture of an individual. Every domestic pet as its distinct personality and, unless this is made clear, the photograph is a failure. The photographer must be...
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Group Photography
The fashion in group portraiture has changed more than in any other branch of photography. The florid "draping" of the sitters in groups of forty or fifty years ago has now given place to neat, formal posing. Groups involving 100 sitters or more...
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Crime Scene Photography
Photography is used by the police to provide evidence and supplement written reports on a very extensive scale. Much of this work is of a routine character and not connected with the actual investigation of crime. The equipment and techniques...
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Selecting a Lamp
In the selection of a lamp or lighting fixture, there should be an understanding of what an efficient lamp should be and of how to relate the shape and size of the shade to the base, so that the lamp is neither too tall for the base nor too squat...
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Lamp Shades
Shades for lamps are made in drum, bell, square, oval, rectangular, and novelty shapes; materials include stretched silk, parchment, which is actually oiled paper, plastic, and pleated silk. Various metals may also be used, such as decorated tin,...
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Cinema Stills
Still photographs representing scenes or actors from cine films. These photographs, which are taken for display outside theatres and for press publicity, play a vital part in the economics of film business as a means of creating public interest. A...
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Destrier
The word destrier does not refer to a breed, but to a type of horse: selected for strength and its calm nature. These horses were usually stallions, bred and raised from foal, trained specifically for the field of battle.
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Duncan Phyfe
Duncan Phyfe made chairs, sofas, tables, and other pieces that were renowned for excellence of workmanship and beauty of design. He is known especially for his use of mahogany, carefully chosen and handled to bring out the highest value of texture...
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Fingerprint Photography
Technique of photographing finger print impressions on a variety of objects and surfaces; widely used in police work to establish the identity of suspects and to obtain and present evidence. The basis of the use of fingerprints in crime detection...
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Photographing Fishes
There is no great difficulty involved in photographing river and sea fish under controlled conditions in a suitable glass-sided tank. This may be either a fair-sized tank with a movable glass plate with which the subject can be penned into a narrow...
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Flower Photography
Photographs of flowers are almost always better when they are taken against a plain background, and for tall flowers like hollyhocks, sunflowers, etc, the best background of all is the blue sky. Sunshine is not essential but it helps to add...
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Model Photography
The best way to obtain the services of a model, if the work justifies the expenditure of money for model fees or if it can be afforded, is to go to a model agency and hire a professional. At the agency files show pictures of hundreds of models,...
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Forensic Photography
The purposes for which photographs are produced in evidence in legal proceedings are broadly: To provide a record of something that it would otherwise be difficult or impossible for the Court to see, e.g: scenes of serious crime as they appear...
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Photographing Fireworks
There are two ways of photographing fireworks: with a time exposure, and with an instantaneous exposure. If the camera is set up on a tripod and the shutter is left open, the light of each firework will register on the film from start to finish....
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Glass Photography
Photographic images can be etched on glass by using a gum bichromate print as an intermediate. The process gives a "print" from a positive transparency, the image appearing as a positive when it is viewed against a dark background. Sized paper is...
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How to Hold a Camera
Blur caused by camera shake is one of the commonest faults in negatives exposed with the camera held in the hand. This is understandable because most amateur snapshots are taken with shutter speeds of 1/25 and 1/50 second. Most people think that...
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Creme Caramel
This light and delicate dessert is a baked custard. It is a delicious pudding, taking very little of your time, to make when there are spare yolks left over from making mousse or meringues. It may be more economical on other occasions to make it...
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Pork Rib Marinade
Spare rib is not a prime cut, but a good family roast and particularly tasty when treated with this dry marinade. Start preparations 24 hours before cooking. The spicy flavor of this roast calls for rather bland vegetable accompaniments such as...
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Foil Cooking
Everyone knows just how difficult it can be to watch pots and pans while you are busy trying to do a dozen other things. When you cook fruit and vegetables in a parcel there's no need to watch the pot and there's no washing up either. Parcel cookery is not only easy, it preserves goodness and...
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Budget Meals
Catering for the family and for guests can be quite a problem, as every busy housewife or working mum knows. You must provide nutritionally balanced meals, but you also have to take into account the likes and dislikes of the children, the amount of time you have for shopping and cooking, and the...
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Saucepans
Saucepans are made from a variety of materials. The best choices are aluminum; stainless steel with a base reinforced with aluminum or copper; or aluminum, stainless steel or cast iron which has been coated with vitreous enamel; or stove enamel,...
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Kitchen Work Surfaces
It is essential that all working surfaces should be both flat and easy to clean. This applies to unit work tops and to any boards which are used for preparation of food. Most kitchen units have laminated surfaces (Formica and Melamine are the most...
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Kitchen Storage Containers
The importance of good kitchen storage cannot be overestimated for keeping ingredients fresh. Airtight storage is essential for some goods but not for others. Fitness for purpose rather than appearance is the golden rule when considering storage...
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Petzval Lens
In 1840 Josef Petzval, a Hungarian, designed a lens for portraiture, and modern lens manufacturers still use his principle as the basis of many of their designs, especially for projection. The original Petzval lens was made by combining two...
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Photographic Glare
In a camera, glare is a non-image forming light which may originate from scattering at dust particles, scratches and damaged lens coatings, and from reflections at lens surfaces, the iris diaphragm and lens shoulders, etc. This light usually results...
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Photographing Mist
Particles of water vapour suspended in the atmosphere. These particles tend to reflect the rays at the blue end of the spectrum, but they are more transparent to the rays at the red (and particularly the infra-red) end. The result is that light...
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Fingerprints & Photography
To the photographer, fingerprints may be either a nuisance or they may actually form his subject, e.g: in crime detection and police records. In the first place they are to be avoided, in the second, the aim is to get as clean a photographic image...
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Seascape Photography
The seaside is one of the best places to take photographs. The light is generally good, and there is such a diversity of subjects that whatever particular ideas the photographer has, he can always find something to take.
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Garden Photography
Any attempt at conveying the size of a large garden generally results in extensive areas of uninteresting foreground. The massed flowers and main features of the small garden (lily pond, pergola, rockery, etc) are generally laid out on a more modest...
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Glassware Photography
Glass is a transparent material, therefore the shape of anything made of glass can only be clearly defined by lighting it so that it stands out as a dark shape against a light background or as a brightly lit shape against a dark background. With...
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Jewellery Photography
Photographs of jewellery fall into two distinct categories; real jewellery and imitation, or costume, jewellery. Imitation jewellery is photographed for pictorial or catalogue purposes only, so it is easier to deal with, presents no special...
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Travel Photography
Any kind of pleasure or holiday trip, whether at home or abroad, presents excellent opportunities for photography. The sort of holiday, the method of travel, and the photographer's interests all affect the photographic results, and some advance...
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Landscape Photography - Photographing Trees
Trees offer unlimited scope to the pictorialist, not only as part of a landscape but as studies in themselves. To be successful, tree photography calls for the ability to make a suitable choice of type or species of tree, lighting, setting, and...
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Animal Photography
Photographing native wild animals in their haunts is very much more difficult than, for instance, photographing birds at their nests. Birds have their eggs or young to form an irresistible bait, but animals as a rule keep their young well out of...
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Photography Angles
The orthodox way of photographing people or things is to point the camera at the subject from a viewpoint at eye level, with the back of the camera vertical and parallel to the principal plane of the subject, e.g: the front of a building. This...
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Camera Tripod
No matter how good a camera may be, or how accurately it has been made, it cannot yield really acceptable results if it moves during the exposure. Much of the poor definition obtained by amateur and professional photographers is caused by camera...
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Children Photography
A good child photograph should look as though the camera had caught the subject unawares. Seen in this way the child looks natural and makes the best photograph. This result cannot be achieved by forcing the youngster to pose, or it will look stiff...
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Landscape Photography - Photographing Horizons
Photo by Destrier The horizon is the line where the earth and sky appear to meet. The position of the horizon in a landscape determines where the interest of the picture lies- if it is nearer the top of the picture than the bottom, the interest is...
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Horse Photography
Successful photography of horses requires patience and a knowledge of horses. It is essential to understand how to show the points of different breeds correctly, both when stationary or in motion. It is useless to photograph a Thoroughbred in the same way as, say, a Shire horse or a Hackney.
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Glamour Photography
Whatever it means in other applications, the word "glamour" means to the photographer the result of certain tricks and devices deliberately employed to enhance the specifically physical qualities in the portrait of a beautiful woman. Most of these...
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Lens Hoods
The main purpose of the hood is to shield the lens from light sources outside the picture area, which might otherwise cause reflections inside the tens. For maximum efficiency the hood should cut down the cone of light accepted by the lens so that it just covers the negative size.
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What is a Hub?
A hub is the act of publishing a prepared article or any kind of formal or informal writing for an audience. By following the basic principles of good writing, the author attempts to inform, persuade, incite, or entertain his audience. He...
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Horse Harness
The harness is the working gear of a draft animal, made chiefly of leather. When pairs of oxen were first used for plowing (about 4000 B.C.), their yokes were pegged to a center pole and held in place by neck straps; control was achieved through...
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Monticello
Monticello was the Virginia estate of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States. The house, designed by Jefferson himself, is a classic example of late 18th century American architecture. Monticello is situated in central Virginia,...
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My Journey With Lymphoma Cancer
It all started with a lump in my left breast. It was the size of a pea, it was hard and it didn't hurt to touch, it just concerned me that it was there. I kept an eye on it and a few weeks later visited my physician and was told it was most likely...
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Shoes
The shoe is a form of footwear that covers the foot up to the ankle and that is intended as a protection from cold, dampness, or rough terrain. In addition to shoes, other basic types of footwear are sandals, moccasins, boots, slippers, and mules....
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Photographic Filters
A photographic filter is a material placed over a camera lens, over a light source, or inside a camera to change the color distribution or intensity of light reaching the film. Filters are commonly used to obtain photographs that are better representations of the actual scenes than otherwise could...
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Horse Colors and Markings
Albino. An all-white horse. See White. Appaloosa. Actually a breed, rather than a coloration, with several characteristic patterns. An area of white, called the blanket, is commonly found on the loins and hips. The blanket may be solid white, mixed...
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Horse Riding Clothes
Riding clothes are designed to keep the rider secure and comfortable in the saddle. Of all modern clothing, riding clothes have changed least over the centuries.
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Horse Saddles
Photo by Scott Snyder No matter what type of riding he is doing, the rider should sit exactly over the center of gravity of his horse, and as close to his horse as possible. The old-fashioned English hunting saddle was a flat saddle, constructed...
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Draft Horses
The term 'draft horse' is a type of horse. Not a breed of horse. A draft horse may be any one of the heavy horse breeds, such as the Clydesdale, Shire, Percherons or Suffolk Punch. Or a cross breed of these. All of these breeds originated in Great Britain and continental Europe.
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My Hubpage Earnings
My husband has encouraged me to partake in Hubpages. I did open an account and publish one lens last year, but didn't do much with it until recently. I do have a separate Adsense account and I must admit, I didn't check on it all that much. To be...
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How Leather Is Made
The raw material of leather is the skin, or hide, of an animal such as the cow or horse. First, it is scraped clean of all the bits of fat and flesh on the inside, and then the hair is taken off from the outside. What is left is a clean skin, but one which would soon rot if left untreated. The...
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Massage Therapy
Massage should always be performed in a warm airy room, for deep breathing is an essential accompaniment of the treatment. Lubricants, especially medicated oils, should not be used in the process; the rubbing in of drugs for absorption is known as inunction and belongs to another branch of...
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Bridles and Bits For Your Horse
In addition to the saddle, the most important type of tack (equipment for a horse) is the bridle. Basically, all bridles consist of a headstall that fits around the horse's head, a bit or mouthpiece, a browband that goes in front of the ears, a...
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Who Tamed The Horse?
There are few animals that have played as important a role in history as the horse. This is because the horse has been so useful in warfare. Can you imagine what wandering tribes, invading armies, knights, and soldiers all over the world would have done without the horse during the last few...
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What Do Horses Eat?
The typical horse will not be very happy with the monotony of eating dry stuff - hay, chaff and oats - every day during the winter. However, avoid an abrupt and radical change of diet. In addition, since the prices of various feed fluctuate...
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The History of Bathing
The bath in the bathroom has had perhaps a more peculiar development than any other article of everyday use. We think of it as a receptacle for water used in a private house by one person at a time. Until the early 1900s mankind was not partial to...
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Clay
Clay is a term used to designate certain plastic, earthy compounds composed of hydrated silicates of alumina. China clay, and is obtained by the natural crumbling of felspar, which is found in Britain only in Cornwall but is well distributed in China, Japan and the United States. Other varieties...
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When Was the Washing Machine Invented?
Before any kind of mechanical washers were invented, home washing was done in a wooden or galvanized tub. The clothes were rubbed on a corrugated washboard to force the water through and the dirt out. Then the wash was put through a wringer to...
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Gem Stones
A gem is a precious or semiprecious stone or other substance that may be used to make jewelry. The term "gem" is also used to refer to such stones after they have been cut and polished for use in jewelry. Most gems, such as diamonds, rubies, and...
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Small Antique Tables
Do you ever stop to think about what era or artiste your new table was styled upon? Do you love learning about the history of your favorite piece of furniture? Or do you much prefer just admiring it and resting in the comfort that you are now its guardian to be passed down through your family,...
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What Causes High Blood Pressure?
In order that the blood may course freely through the hollow tubes which we call arteries and veins, a certain force is necessary. This is mainly provided through the muscular contractions of the heart pump. With each beat of the heart a definite...
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The History of Kite Flying
Kites originated in China in the remote past, probably before 1000 B.C., and they are widely flown in the East and the Pacific. In Europe, though the Greeks and Romans had something of the kind, and though dragon-shaped kites appear to have been...
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Wolf
The wolf is any of a group of wild, flesh-eating mammals related to the domestic dog. Like many of their close relatives, wolves have short, erect ears, a long, pointed muzzle, and a long, bushy tail. Although they were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere, wolves now live chiefly in...
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Rhodesian Ridgeback
Rhodesian ridgeback (sometimes called African lion hound) is a strong, muscular hound used for hunting in southern Africa. The Rhodesian ridgeback stands from 24 to 27 inches (60 to 68 cm) tall at the shoulder and weighs from 65 to 75 pounds (29 to...
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Ladybugs
Ladybug, ladybug or ladybeetle, is the popular name of the numerous species of Coleoptera, belonging to the family Coccinellidae, and remarkable for their beautiful variety of coloring. Ladybugs are from one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch (0.4-0.6...
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Types of Wines
Wine is the naturally fermented juice of fresh ripe grapes. Wine is one of the oldest beverages used by man.
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Collie
Collie, sheepdog used to protect and control flocks. The Scottish collie was formerly used chiefly in Scotland and the north of England purely as a sheepdog. Since the 1860s it has been popular as a domestic companion. There are three kinds of...
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Samoyed
The Samoyed is a powerful animal and takes its name from the Samoyeds- indigenous peoples of Siberia. In its native land it is used as a herd guard and bear-hunting animal, and employed by polar explorers. It has a snowy-white, white and biscuit or cream colored double coat; it , weighing 20-30 kg,...
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Bull Terrier
The bull terrier is a strong, agile dog originally bred in England for pit fighting. Its smooth short coat is either pure white or brindle with white markings. The bull terrier stands about 20 inches (50 cm) tall at the shoulder and weighs close to...
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Pug
Pug, smallest dog of the mastiff family, of Chinese origin and was brought to Europe by Dutch traders in the 17th century. Widely kept as a pet during the Victorian era, it became very popular in England during the reign of William of Orange, when...
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Great Dane
The Great Dane is a large strong dog that originated in Europe about 400 years ago and was used to hunt wild boars. It has a muscular body, a square muzzle, and a tapering tail, which is usually carried straight down. The ears naturally hang beside the head unless they are cropped, when they appear...
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Whippet
Whippet, dog originating in the north of England, where it was much used for races, being capable of tremendous speeds The whippet was probably produced by crossing a Terrier with the Italian Greyhound, and then breeding back to the English...
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Boxer
Native of Germany. First bought to United States in early 1930's, rose to popularity in 1930's. Has held a place among the ten most popular breeds for a number of years. Average weight 64 pounds, height 23 inches. Fawn or brindle color; white markings desirable. Short, smooth coat.
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Saluki
A much prized animal amongst the Arabs since several centuries BC, and is the biblical greyhound, hound of the King of Saluk. The saluki is even known as far back as ancient Egypt, shown on carvings. A graceful dog, the saluki generally resembles a greyhound in overall form.
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Doberman
German breed of dog well-known in Britain and much used in many parts of the world as a police dog. The Doberman is a striking looking dog, black and tan in color, with a short, smooth, but hard and thick coat. The head is long and clean-cut, the skull being flat and free from wrinkle. The body...
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Dalmatian
Dalmatian, spotted carriage dog, originally kept in stables. It is active and muscular, a good runner and a fine watch dog. Dalmatians were often seen riding on fire engines as mascots of firemen. Its colour should be pure white, with distinct...
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Cocker Spaniel
The Cocker Spaniel is the smallest breed of bird hunting dog. The cocker spaniel stands about 14 inches tall at the shoulder and weighs about 25 pounds. It has a compact, relatively short body and straight muscular forelegs. Its rounded head has a...
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German Shepherd
Popularized by Rin Tin Tin in movies, became the most popular breed in the United States until 1926. Then indiscriminate breeding and the introduction of vicious strains from Germany caused a fast decline in popularity. In recent years has again become desirable and now ranks in the most popular...
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Wine Making
Although the process of wine making may vary greatly in detail, there exists a basic procedure, whose central element is fermentation. Fermentation is a process in which sugar changes in a liquid into roughly equal parts of ethyl alcohol and the gas...
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Daguerreotype
A daguerreotype is made by exposing a plate, which has been treated with silver iodide and other chemicals, to the action of light.
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The History of Fishing Tackle
The first evidence of Fishing Tackle is first found in the mesolithic settlements as far back as 8000 B.C. in northern Europe. Then, as in the earlier palaeolithic period, man relied entirely upon food gathering, hunting and fishing. He had not...
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The Art of Horse-Shoeing
It is of ancient origin, and there is evidence that the art was practised by the Celts. It does not seem to have been in use among the Greeks or Romans. The art probably came into general use after the overthrow of the western empire towards the...
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The Science of Lie Detecting
The polygraph, or also known as the lie detector, is a device used primarily by police officers, in attempts to determine the truth of a person's answers to questions. The lie detector operates on the principle that when most persons lie, they...
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What's the deal with Dust?
Dust, tiny particles that are carried by air currents. Dust is present throughout the lower atmosphere. It is most common in city air, and the smallest concentrations are in the air over mountains and oceans. Although water most often condenses...
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The Art of Embroidery
Embroidery is the art of ornamenting textiles, fabrics, and other materials with needlework. Embroidery is not woven into a fabric but is sewn on an already finished cloth. About 300 different embroidery stitches exist, occurring in four categories: flat, looped, chained, and knotted stitches. From...
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The History of the Handbag
Handbags and purses remind us that though things sometimes change their name without changing their nature, it is even more confusing when they do exactly the opposite. "We think we know what a pocket is, but the word 'pocket' was in use long before...
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Avoiding Diet Pitfalls
Fad diets are risky business. Without longer-term changes in your lifestyle (exercising more and eating better), quick weight-loss schemes can be counterproductive. In a country that produces about half of all the food in the world, we Americans...
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The Invention of the Radio
Radio is a wireless means of communication. Radio is widely used as an information medium and for entertainment. Almost all areas of the United States and Canada have one or more commercial radio stations, many of which broadcast 24 hours a day....
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The Development of the Vacuum Cleaner
Electrically powered cleaning appliances, vacuum cleaners are used for the dry removal of dust and loose dirt from carpets, fabrics and surfaces. A vacuum cleaner works on the principle that a fan operating at one end of a tube to force out air...
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The History of the Sewing Machine
The sewing machine is a mechanical stitching device for sewing fabric and other materials. Thne sewing machine was the first home appliance and has become one of the most popular. Sewing machines are also widely used in clothing manufacturing and...
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The History of the Pottery Wheel
The Potter's Wheel, which seems to us so elementary, is one of the earliest applications of a mechanical principle to an industrial process, making for greater speed and efficiency. In human history it deserves comparison with the machine...
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The History of the Refrigerator
The refrigerator for preserving food in the home began with devices for the manufacture of ice - for producing, so to say, a mechanical winter in the warmth of summer. It was the old practice to collect ice in the winter months and store it in...
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The Development of the Camera
The camera, though few people are aware of its origin and antiquity, derives directly from the camera obscura. As its Latin name implies, this was first of all a dark vault or room, with a tiny hole in the wall or window-shutter through which the...
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The History of the Piano
The Piano, commonest of domestic musical instruments, came very late into being. It only emerged from the rudimentary forms which had persisted since antiquity at the beginning of the eighteenth century, coming to its full development a hundred and...
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The History of Bee Keeping
Beehives and beekeeping are of great antiquity, and the products of the bee were of an importance in earlier economies that we would hardly realize. Prehistoric man was well acquainted with wild bees and honey, which one would infer even if there...
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The History of Cinematography
The cinema, or cinematography, depends on the principle of the persistence of vision, a phenomenon mentioned by Lucretius about 65 B.C., by which we often attribute to an object which moves very rapidly before our eyes, a size and a shape it does...
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The History of the Violin
The violin is the most important family of modern stringed instruments; specifically, the soprano member of that family, with strings tuned g, d, a, e.
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Recipe for Sweet Potato and Spinach Lasagne
Every now and again I feel like this mouth watering lasagne, with it's sweet potato and spinach layers. It's just as nice as the beef and red wine lasagne that I cook, yet not as heavy or decadent. Also, it's a great way to get kids eating spinach...