The Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awakening
The very year that the Deist Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States—1801—the Holy Spirit began to move powerfully across America. This greatest of all American revivals would become known as the Second Great Awakening.
It was a time of raucous revivals at giant camp meetings that featured intense fasting, prayer, and hymn singing. People came together to feast and to be fed by round-the clock preaching, even around bonfires at night. They stripped off their masks and pretenses; they examined their souls; they wept and shouted for joy together.
At the forefront were Presbyterian Scots such as James McGready. He was the perfect pioneer preacher—a loud, lanky man of unshakeable convictions. McGready preached hellfire to those who refuse to mend their ways, but the tender mercy of a forgiving God through the atoning sacrifice of His Son for those who will accept it. McGready would look a man right in the eye and challenge him to be man enough to confess the truth about himself.
In America, the number of preachers rose from 2,000 in 1800 to 40,000 by 1845. Evangelical denominations such as Baptists and Methodists exploded in membership. By the 1840s, the Methodists were the largest denomination in the United States with over a million active members. Millions of people pledged to abandon worldly sins in favor of a Godly life.
Just as the First Great Awakening sparked the American Revolution, the Second Great Awakening would bring an end to slavery. Tocqueville observed: "Americans combine the notions of Christianity and of liberty so intimately in their minds that it is impossible to make them conceive of one without the other."
Cane Ridge
The Second Great Awakening kicked off in 1801 with a week-long, open-air camp meeting attended by 20,000 people at Cane Ridge, twenty miles west of Lexington, Kentucky. It was organized by Presbyterian pastor Barton Stone (1772-1844).
The typically quiet, reverent Presbyterian service turned shockingly emotional and ecstatic. After days of fasting and praying, God paid a personal visit to Cane Ridge. Men rolled in the mud, women swooned; there was groaning, agonized crying out, shrieking, shouting, clapping, laughing, and hugging. Ministers and regular folks alike were amazed at the movement of the Holy Spirit in their midst. Thousands of people came to the meeting and gave themselves to Christ.
The Camp Meeting concept soon spread over most of the United States, and hundreds of thousands of people went to them. In 1811, it is estimated that one-third of all Americans attended a camp meeting. After the Cane Ridge revival, the Altar Call became a permanent part of evangelism, as did presenting Christ as your personal savior with whom you can have a personal relationship.
Evangelists toured the country by all modes of transportation. They preached the importance of personal industry, sobriety, and self-discipline as examples of freely chosen moral behaviors.
The more conservative denominations rejected the emotionalism of revivals, especially in New England. Presbyterians were divided about whether or not revivals were a good thing that would be approved of by the Lord. But Baptists and Methodists had no doubts that the Holy Spirit was behind this spiritual awakening of hundreds of thousands of people. And they decided it was a call for America to end slavery, consumption of alcohol, philandering, and gambling.
Timothy Dwight
The Second Great Awakening was a response to growing secularism among intellectuals. In 1799, only a few graduates of Yale believed in Christ, and the next year only one went to church regularly. But the average American remained deeply religious. As Tocqueville observed decades later, "There is no country in the world where the Christian religion retains a greater influence over the souls of men than in America."
Even at Yale, University President Timothy Dwight (grandson of Jonathan Edwards) led a revival that swept the student body and then all of New England in the early 19th Century.
Timothy Dwight (1752-1817) evangelized and taught the catechism to New England Indians when he was just four years old. He learned Latin and Greek before he entered Yale University at age thirteen. Dwight graduated at seventeen, and was hired as a tutor by Yale.
Timothy Dwight served as a chaplain for the Continental Army during the American War of Independence. In 1783, he was named pastor of the Greenfield, Connecticut Church, where he spoke and wrote against Deism. Dwight published an influential defense of the Christian Faith against French philosophy in 1794 entitled A Discourse on the Genuineness and Authenticity of the New Testament.
Timothy Dwight was called to become President of Yale in 1795, which was temporarily a hotbed of Deism. Under his guidance, one-third of the students turned to Christ.
Born Again
To be born again refers to a spiritual (and perhaps psychological) conversion experience during which you powerfully feel the presence of God. It only becomes available to you after you admit to being a lost sinner who needs the indwelling of the Holy Spirit to overcome sin; and after surrendering your personal will to the Will of God.
As Nathaniel Taylor, professor of theology at Yale, said: "The Bible is a plain book. It speaks, especially on the subject of sin, directly to human consciousness; and tells us beyond mistake, what sin is, and why we sin." Moral depravity simply is to reject God.
The Burned Over District
The Burned-Over District refers to Upstate New York in the early 19th Century, meaning that the flames of revival swept over it like a forest fire. It was said at the time that Upstate New York had been "completely overthrown by the Holy Ghost." The theatres and taverns were devoid of customers, because "far higher and purer enjoyment has been found in exercises of devotion."
Lyman Beecher called the revival of 1831, "the greatest work of God, and the greatest revival of religion, that the world has ever seen. " In that year alone, the number of churches in New England grew by one-third.
Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Grandison Finney (1792-1875) could claim the title: "First Professional Evangelist." He became the leading revivalist of the 19th Century with a half a million people coming to Christ through his ministry.
As an attorney by profession, Finney observed, as he studied law, that the authors he read frequently quoted the Bible. So he began reading the Bible himself. He had a dramatic religious experience in 1821 that led him to quit his law practice to preach the Gospel, saying, "I have a retainer from the Lord Jesus to plead his case."
Finney's preaching style was earthy but colorful. He was known to pray in public for individuals by name. Charles Grandison Finney sparked another wave of revival in America, and is credited with 100,000 conversions in 1839 alone. One of his secrets of success was to bring masses of the unconverted into direct contact with serious Christians through spectacular public events. He would lead this group of strangers in prayer, which generates a sense of trust and common purpose.
Finney preached salvation through faith and good works. Every person, he said, was a "free moral agent." Each person was free to choose between a life of sin and the Christian life. Sinners simply needed a "change of heart" to embrace spiritual freedom—free from the bondage of sin.
Charles Grandison Finney never heard the name of God mentioned in his home growing up, with the exception of cuss words. Before his conversion he scoffed at prayer and church. Several young adults took to praying for him to be saved. One of them would become his future wife. God moved on his spirit, and Finney began to feel convicted of his sins and unbelief, to the point where he could not eat or sleep. Then, Finney testified, "A mighty baptism of the Holy Ghost overwhelmed him, in waves and waves of liquid love."
Charles Grandison Finney possessed eerily luminescent, hypnotic blue eyes and a mellifluous voice. Wherever he roamed he generated excitement and energized the faithful. Finney preached about community, but not in a socialist way. God forbid. He preached about the fact that sin and sinners drag down families, whole communities, and entire nations. Therefore individual sin was purely selfish, as it involved satisfying some temporary desire regardless of the damage done to others.
Finney said that a Christian wallowing in sin was an offense against America, because it would put Providence at risk. Therefore, living a godly life would improve not only your personal circumstances, and your reward in the hereafter, but it would improve the happiness and prosperity of your family, town, and country. "Since social evils were simply individual acts of selfishness compounded, it followed that deep and lasting reform meant an educational crusade based on the assumption that when a sufficient number of individual Americans had seen the light, they would automatically solve the country's social problems."
Charles Grandison Finney published Lectures on Revivals of Religion in 1835. This practical handbook for evangelists sold 12,000 copies in 90 days and it has never been excelled. Finney also became President of Oberlin College from 1851 to 1866—the first in America to admit women and blacks alongside white males, and a hotbed of the abolitionist movement.
Admit the truth about yourself and do something about it. Sin is pure and simple selfishness.
The Great Ulster Revival
James McQuilkin was invited to tea one fine Ulster day. A woman was there who, instead of making small talk, spoke about a subject that made McQuilkin uncomfortable: the condition of the soul. He was convicted in his heart by her words. He did not know Jesus. McQuilkin decided to trust in the Lord and a peaceful calm came over him.
The next year, James McQuilkin and a few of his friends were moved to gather once a week and pray for each person in their village by name.
In 1859, McQuilkin called a prayer meeting for all Christians at the Ahogill Presbyterian Church in County Antrim. So many people responded that the meeting had to be moved outside. Hundreds of souls knelt in the rain and mud to confess their sins and praise God.
Out of this prayer meeting sprang the Great Ulster Revival that is credited with one hundred thousand new converts to Christ. The Holy Spirit moved particularly among young people. Teenage boys began to preach on the streets. One clergyman counted 80 adults and 40 children listening to a twelve-year-old boy preach in the village square.
The results of turning to God were remarkable. In 1860, County Antrim had an empty jail and no crimes to investigate. Judges had no cases to hear. Pubs and distilleries closed as their owners came to Christ. Gambling on the horses fell by 95 percent. Church services were jammed to the rafters; small groups multiplied; families prayed together; Bible reading was ubiquitous; giving to charity went through the roof. This revival soon spread to Scotland, Wales, and England. It all started with one anonymous woman unafraid to speak the truth over tea.
Revival in Jamaica
Word of the prayer revivals that were sweeping the world reached Jamaica in 1860. The Christians there wanted to take part in this outpouring of the Spirit. They organized "peep of the day" (dawn) prayer meetings in a Moravian chapel in the town of Clifton led by the German missionary Theodor Sonderman.
The first prayer meeting was remarkable. Adults and children poured out their souls to God for several hours, begging for His mercy with tears rolling down all cheeks. Notorious sinners soon came to Christ. Anglicans, Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, and Presbyterians soon caught the Spirit.
In Bethel Town five hundred came to pray the first day. At least a hundred hardened sinners came to Christ. Within a year, 17,000 persons gave their lives to Jesus for the first time. Couples living in sin got married; divorced people got remarried; rum shops and gambling houses closed. It all began with a single prayer group.
Gyspy Smith
In 1860, Rodney Smith was born in a tent to illiterate Gypsy parents. His father, Cornelius Smith, had heard the Gospel in prison. Rodney's mother, Polly, came down with smallpox while he was still a boy. As she lay dying, Cornelius told her about Jesus—that He died for sinners and would be her savior if she looked to him. Before she died, Polly told her husband that she had prayed to Jesus, and that He had bathed her in the light of salvation.
Cornelius himself then had a conversion experience, and everyone who knew him said he became a brand new man. Observing this powerful change in his father made young Rodney desire this same life-changing experience and he gave his life to Christ.
Rodney Smith would become a great evangelist, known as "Gypsy Smith." Although uneducated, he was a winsome preacher who brought thousands to Christ with straight-forward sermons and simple Gospel songs. He traveled widely as an evangelist, making fifty trips to the United States. God specializes in the unexpected.
Charles Spurgeon
Charles Spurgeon (1834-1890) was born in Essex, England. He was of Dutch Huguenot ancestry; both his father and grandfather were pastors in the Congregational Church. Charles Spurgeon's favorite books growing up were Pilgrim's Progress and Foxe's Book of Martyrs. He would become the most famous preacher of his generation.
At the age of sixteen, Charles Spurgeon gave his life to Christ in a Methodist Chapel. He studied the controversy over infant baptism (sprinkles) and decided that baptism was properly done by full immersion of a new adult believer. Thus, Spurgeon joined the Baptist Church in Cambridge. It was there as a teenager that he was soon in demand as a gifted preacher.
Charles Spurgeon came to London for the first time at the age of 19 in 1853. He came to begin a ministry—that would last 38 years. Spurgeon was called to be the pastor of the Park Street Baptist Church. Within weeks, overflow crowds gathered to hear him. The Church moved to larger buildings a couple of times, but the crowds still overflowed. Finally, the Metropolitan Tabernacle was built to hold 6,500 souls. Spurgeon had fervently prayed that it would open debt-free—and so it did.
Charles Spurgeon preached at the Metropolitan Tabernacle for 32 years. It featured a social center, a school, a college for pastors, and an orphanage—all still in operation today. The Church provided for the needs of the poor out of its abundance, and distributed millions of pieces of religious literature. Metropolitan Tabernacle was truly one of the great churches of all time.
Charles Spurgeon died when he was only 56 years old. 100,000 people filed by his coffin to pay their last respects.
Seventh Day Adventists
The Seventh Day Adventist Church grew out of the Millerite Movement, which was based on the predictions of William Miller that the world would end in 1843. When the world kept on spinning, Miller decided it would end in 1844. Both times great excitement was widespread and thousands of people prepared for the Second Coming of the Lord, saying their goodbyes to their neighbors and waiting on hilltops.
William Miller was an honest farmer with a keen thirst for knowledge. He was known as a man of integrity, thrift, selflessness, benevolence, and energy. As a young man, Miller threw his lot in with Deists and Masons. They were good people, but he began to think they exerted an influence against the teachings of the Bible.
William Miller had a spiritual experience at age 34. He wrote: "Suddenly, the character of the Savior was vividly impressed upon my mind. It seemed that there might be a Being so good and compassionate as to Himself to atone for our transgressions, and thereby save us from suffering the penalty of sin. I immediately felt how lovely such a Being must be . . . in Jesus I had found a friend. The Bible now became my chief study . . . I searched it with great delight. . . . and marveled that I could have ever rejected it."
William Miller spent two years doing little but studying the Bible day and night. In 1818, he reached the conclusion that the Second Coming of Christ would be in 25 years. But he said nothing until 1831. Then, though fifty years old and unaccustomed to public speaking, he responded to demand that he travel from town to town explaining his ideas. Churches of many denominations invited him to address their congregations. It was noted that after his appearances, liquor stores were turned into Bible study meeting rooms, gambling dens broke up; infidels, profligates, and Deists came to church, many for the first time in years.
November 13, 1833, was the night the stars fell from the sky. A great meteoric shower was seen across the United States. It was described as the "whole heavens in motion" for "several hours in fiery commotion!" Some say it was the most extensive display of falling stars ever recorded. Some took it to be the fulfillment of Matthew 24:29 and/or Revelation 6:13.
William Miller was subject to much sneering ridicule after the world did not end in 1843 or 1844. He had left his comfortable home to travel at his own expense. Now he was called a liar or a lunatic—and that was by the Christians. Those who had believed in his prophecy were shunned or even cast out of their local congregations. This is what led them to band together and form their own church: the Seventh Day Adventists.
Those Millerites who observed the Jewish Sabbath—sundown Friday to sundown Saturday—rather than the Lord's Day (Sunday) became the Seventh Day Adventists and resettled in Battle Creek, Michigan in 1855. In 1866, Adventists opened the Battle Creek Sanitarium, which would later become the center of their movement toward vegetarianism. The Sanitarium also became the home base of one of the first nutritionists, the king of a breakfast cereal empire, John H. Kellogg (1852-1943). The Adventists popularized breakfast cereals throughout the world. Kellogg was the protégé of the prophet of the Adventists, Ellen G. White (1827-1915).
SOURCES
My primary sources for this article include The One Year Book of Christian History by E. Michael and Sharon Rusten; A History of Christianity by Paul Johnson; Fundamentalism and American Culture by George Marsden; and The Great Controversy by Ellen G. White.
Comments
I'll research the change that occurred in 363. It is high time I did.
Oh, so this was a heresy against Jews. So not acceptable!!
Fascinating! Thank you for the detailed information, James. One always hears that the Pope changed the Sabbath to Sunday. I wasn't so sure, but truth be told I never researched the matter. Now I have an explanation of the whole issue, thanks to you.
I'll have to look into what happened in 363. That's a decision which interests me greatly, given how I was raised.....and as you might imagine.
James....I came to this article, in truth, to find out what you had written about Seventh Day Adventists. I am not sure that the Lord's Day is Sunday, given the 4th Commandment.....and I realize there is dispute about this matter....
In any event, I certainly appreciate this article.
All of these evangelists had a calling and they were prompt to answer. Furthermore, they did so with aplomb. It would appear that God knows how to pick them. Lol.
It seems to me that America is in need of another "Great Awakening." But I don't have to tell you that!
Praise the lord . All Mighty
Apology accepted. God bless you too, brother!
Sorry, I did not intend to debate the issue. As the Lord said "let us reason together" in a kind and Christian spirit. After all, it was an Adventist author who wrote that "A kind, courteous Christian is the most powerful argument that can be produced in favor of Christianity."
This is how I see it. James made a decision to leave the SDA church based on a sermon he heard. However, before I posted anything, I decided to learn more about the church. James, I do not find any official doctrine that the Church teaches that those who worship on Sunday are going to hell. On the contrary, I found this statement: "Salvation is like sunshine. It belongs to the whole world." I find this statement inconsistent with the words of the preacher you heard. Whatever the preacher said, it was his opinion. His opinion is not the position of the church. It is my understanding, for the little that I read, that the church believes that there are sincere Christians in every church.
I believe that James has every right to state his disagreement with "their more rabid gurus who claim that people who worship on Sunday are going to hell for it." However, I attempted to look for the official position of the church not the teachings of "rabid gurus" (every church has them)and I did not find the church to teach such a thing,on the contrary...
Interestingly I also found a statement that Adventists are told to teach their youth to be "thinkers and not mere reflectors of other men's opinions."
Finally, I hereby declare that we should all worship God Almighty as the creator of all things everyday of our lives.
James A Watkins - We will just leave it at that. I am not going to argue with you. I don't think this is the proper platform for a debate. It seems like it would just be distasteful here.
@James A Watkins: That's not what I said... Anyway, thank you for the welcome; and I hope you enjoy my articles.
Very refreshing. Although, why do you call the seventh-day that the Adventists honor the "Jewish Sabbath"? As far as I could remember, the Bible calls it "the sabbath of the LORD they God" (Ex. 20:10). In other words, it is the Lord's day; instead of Sunday, which is often referred to as the Lord's day, without any actual biblical support.
One more comment. It is my understanding that the Bible refers to the sabbath as the sabbath of the Lord or as my sabbath, I am trying to understand why I people refer to it as the Jewish Sabbath when the Bible does not refer to it as such. In addition, it is my understanding the the Bible refers to the the Lord's day or the day of the Lord to the day of his appearance not to the first day of the week. Can you help me out?
You missed one important point. Miller was a Baptist minister, he never became a Seventh-day Adventist.
Well researched and thorough. As a historian, I really appreciate the quality of your writing and I especially appreciate that you cite sources and provide references in case anyone wants to pursue the topic. Very good work.
Terrific Hub! Wouldn't it be wonderful if this spiritual history could be taught in schools?
Your Hub confirms my belief that America, from conception, has God's guiding Light, even prior to the founding fathers and throughout the pages of her history. The small group of pilgrams arrived on America's shores in search of spiritual freedom, allowing them to worship God in their own way. They were the God seed that has blossomed into the amazing God based TV broadcasts and mega churches, like that of Lakewood TX (Joel Oesteen).
Perhaps the crisis in America and the rest of the world, is not an economic dilema, it is more a spiritual one.
Many opressed countries are throwing off the shackles of their government, while in America we are facing a take-over of an ungodly aministration that would have us lose our American soul.
We must stand up for our Love of God and become United, One Nation Under God. This is what could be the Third Great Awakening, where we regain our spiritual and economic freedom.
God is all powerful, and we are His feet on the ground. May He guide our feet to take appropriate action.
Like mindmatters, I look forward to a Third Great. Awakening. Voted up, interesting, useful.
James, what a powerfully and well-written article. I was so moved by the dedication and perseverance of the people you wrote about. Well done. Up and Awesome!
As I was reading through your Hubs, this particular article jumped out and caught my attention. Not only was I amazed in regards to your acuracy and your emotional connection within your article, but your comments were compelling as well. Thank you! With all of my heart, I pray that this reaches out to others.. not only those who have had a life full of spirituality, but those who have never experienced it. If only to awaken one lost soul, it could change the entire outlook on one word... hope. As in the story of Pandora's Box, all of the most important words of emotion, love, and faith flew away before closing the lid.. leaving only one word left inside.. hope. :o)
James A Watkins, Fascinating thought provoking informative article on The Second Great Awakening! Intriguing roster of Revivalists! Their collective passionate accolades for The Gospel are invigorating as well as inspiring! Truly having an encounter with The Lord in your life makes all the difference in the world! However it remains clear that along with the anointing comes a large degree of skepticism from in and without The Church…. One must remain focused on The Lord to endure the denigration. Many underestimate the power and influence the Presence of The Lord has in one’s life! Revival is still what is so needed today! “With God ALL things are possible!”
Thank you for once again presenting another well researched commentary professor! Your lectures via The HubPages are phenomenal and rather enlightening! In His Love, Grace, Joy, Peace & Blessings!
Another excellent hub from you James voted up and interesting.I am always longing that fires of revival will spark among the churches in our time.Hope there will be another Charles Finney and Charles Spurgeon amidst us. I am always interested in the ministires of Charles Finney and Charles Spurgeon. The Holy Spirit's power is very much alive in their ministries. Hope God will raise up new Finneys and Spurgeouns amidst us.Thank you for sharing this great accounts of revivals. This is indeed a great wealth of information. May you be blessed today and always. Best regards.
You certainly hit on one of my favorite topics, The Great Awakening. I thoroughly enjoyed becoming reacquainted with this great epoch of human and American history. I can't wait to read more of your Hubs.
People should be concern for an Spiritual Awakening than any other. Well..just a thought. Great hub. Very useful information stating about the facts.
Brilliantly written tribute to these great men and their interesting lives. Thank you for doing all this research and sharing the information.
Another very well researched and written hub. I could feel the energy of these people jump off the page so you have definitely captured the mood with this article. Thank you.
Hi James
"Out of this prayer meeting sprang the Great Ulster Revival that is credited with one hundred thousand new converts to Christ."
This shows how much people were hungering for the word of God.
Voted up and awesome.
It is amazing what one person that receives Christ can do. Receiving Christ is different than giving oneself to Christ. The Seventh day guy did that and ended up with something that not only missed the Scripture that "no one knows the day and the hour" and others but also missed the gospel all together. When one realizes they are in need of a Savior and invite Christ in because they are hopeless without Him then the world can be changed as they then say "Yes" to God and change others around them. So in fact they did "turn to Christ" but only after they "received Him" into their hearts. Jim you know how much I love your writing. I am convinced of your heart after reading this than anything else I have ever read of yours. Love ya bro.
I have been waiting for updates on biblical history. I have always like Spurgeon.
I studied some of this history in college but you give a nice overview. It is not my religious persuasion but I am ecumenical and interested in the history.
Good work here James-as usual! I've read some about The Burned Over District-it was a hotbed for Christian revival as well as non-Christian spiritualist activities; these activities continue to influence spiritualist movements in America till today. A good read for a summary of the activity there is 'Occult America' by Mitch Horowitz.
Thanks for all the research you put into this.
This was a very interesting account of the movements of early christianity in America. I can remember as a little child being taken to a tent church revival by my Grandmother Minnie. I can remember the meeting was a lot like you described in your article. Thank you for the research you had to put into this well documented piece..
Very inspiring hub. As usual, you give the American people raise their patriotism among modernity. Maybe they forget about the first president and didn't know about influential people in building America. You are number one in telling us about the history, especially for United States history. I always learn from you. Well done, James. Vote up!
Prasetio
Hi James- I like your quote:
Tocqueville observed: "Americans combine the notions of Christianity and of liberty so intimately in their minds that it is impossible to make them conceive of one without the other."
This is significant proof of America's christian roots!
And this quote:
God paid a personal visit to Cane Ridge. Men rolled in the mud, women swooned; there was groaning, agonized crying out, shrieking, shouting, clapping, laughing, and hugging. Ministers and regular folks alike were amazed at the movement of the Holy Spirit in their midst.
Many fundamentalist churches and denominations today would reject this revival and attribute it as fanatism and a work of the devil!-Regards and blessings-WBA
And do you think that a new awakening is imminent or will the name of God remain outlawed in schools and other public places except for use as a swear word?
You are indeed a great writer and teacher.
I also learn so much through your hubs.
Here's to many more to share on here and I vote up and away.
Take care
Eiddwen.
I could sign up for a ten-week college course on Religion, James, and not learn as much as I do from your 'religious' hubs. Your writing skill and research ability is unmatched.
This is an amazing hub - I just swallowed it in one go, it was so interesting. And very educational too! I think the whole world needs the Awakening these days.
Awesome work! Amen...
'Moral depravity simply is to reject God'-and that's really what it's all about ,regardless of religious persuasion!Great article James.
Fantastic! I knew about the 2nd Great Awakening but did not know all the details. America needs this again NOW!
I pray the Holy Spirit will move in a mighty way across this nation again! Thanks!
Very, very well written article with so much great information. This is truly a great piece of work. Well done James.
There shall also be another awakening that was prophesied by the Angel to the prophet Daniel in Daniel 12 v 4 that is not appointed to be reveal in that....they (the world)shall
run to and fro,and knowledge shall be increase.He spoke not of scientific,material,nor technical knowledge,but a SPIRITUAL INCREASE that shall challenge the intellect of humankind. That increase is now in progress.Be real,and be aware.
Well, this hub is quite interesting and it is very well researched. I found this very interesting. I'm not a person into revivals, and swooning and born again (I was already born into Christ at my baptism as a baby) but if this started the abolitionist movement in the U.S. then I'm all for it.
Another great commentary on the revivals and great manifestations of the sovereign work of the Holy Spirit. It appears that it most often was after repentance and prayer. How we need that again! Have we as a nation passed the point of no return? I pray not. Keep up the wonderful accounts of spiritual awakening.
Wow -- what a lot of research and thought went into this hub - shows a powerful walk through history. Well done - thanks!
This is all wounderful history. although I don't see anything about azzua street revival
This is a wonderful recounting of a great spiritual era in American history. I love when people abandon themselves in worship and would love to see this happen now. We sure need it in our country today. Thanks for a fascinating read.
Very fascinating. I never knew any of this before. Rated up and interesting.
Thanks, James, great review of God's work. May a new and greater revival sweep our land in our times.
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