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Religions of India

Updated on November 23, 2014
Indian Religions
Indian Religions | Source

Religious Traditions in India.

India has donated four key religions to the world; Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. It is in India only, not somewhere else in the world that the human race has so much faith in the creator and his authorities.

What they do, what they think, what the aspire, what they suggest, spiritual influence is always there. India is a country where people of different religions and customs live in peace!

This agreement has seen in the briskness of religious festivals. The love definition and camaraderie has conveyed by all religions and communities.

The Indian traditions and commemorations attract many tourists, to this noble nation. India has different customs of different devotions and beliefs, which makes it the incomparable country in the world.

Each Indian theology has its habits and traditions, which execute the farthest subject of religion, social groups and creed, but India is One! To know more about Religions of India, go through this lens.


Author: sukkran

Indian Religions
Indian Religions

About Religions of India

The religion is the very foundation of Indian life and culture. Religious feelings flow in the blood of Indians.

In all Religions of India, one can find thoughtful, aesthetic and moral schools, and in origin, in Indian vision, there has been a beacon of freedom (Moksha). It means that the Indian theological spirit is always observing itself exotic and lonesome, desiring for liberation.

Indians are always devoted to God's forms because according to Indian philosophy God is the inventor, sustainer and wrecker of this all created things, and man lives by the working of supreme power of God of whom all forms and beings are manifestations.

Hinduism is the well-known and leading teachings among Religions of India, followed by some 80 per cent of the population. Besides Hindus, Muslims are the most populous religious group and are in part of Indian society. Certainly, India has the second massive Muslim inhabitants in the world after Indonesia.

Whether it is the faithful union, bowing in the Eid salaat in the Muslim Mosque, or the amassing of lights that radiance up the living places at Hindu celebration Diwali, the upright joyfulness of Christmas the closeness of Baisakhi, or a regional festival like Pongal the religions of India are festivities of shared joy that bring people collectively.

Masses from the separate religions, and civilizations, of India unite in a collective understanding of brotherhood, and friendly relations in this fascinating and diverse country. From birth to death, in a personal life, there are many occurrences for elaborate commemorations.

However, Indian religions can only be comprised after understanding its religious celebrations beliefs and practices. Conventional behaves have an edge into most religious principles in India and many other festivals that goal each year with music, dance and feasts have partaken by all communities.

Still, composed to religiosity, each religion has its own mission sites, heroes, inscriptions and even culinary dissimilarities, combining in a remarkable diversity that is the exact pulse of Indian culture.

Masses of Indian Diaspora in the Western world familiarizing faculties of Religions of India and Indian religious theories like Yoga, ancient Ayurveda system, foretelling, veganism, karma and rebirth to a great extend.

Indian Religious Population

According to 2001 Census, 80.5% of the population of the India belongs to 'Hinduism'. Besides Hindus, there are approximately 13.4% Muslims, 2.3% Christians, 1.9 % Sikhs, Buddhists (6 million), and others including Jains, Parsis (Zoroastrians), Jews, and Bahais, less than 2 percent.

Religions of India
Religions of India | Source
Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience
Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience
This book is an introduction to Indian religions, culture and Hindu mystics. If you are interested about Indian religion, this is the best introduction.
 
Hinduism - Rituals at Rishikesh
Hinduism - Rituals at Rishikesh

Hinduism

The most common religion of India is Hinduism. Many of the celebrated Gods in Hinduism are Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, Ganesha, Murugan etc. The root belief of Hinduism cannot be easily explained.

There will be no exclusive credence that develops the objective of belief of an absolute majority of India's citizen. Hinduism is divided into many breeds, principally Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smarta and much minor groups just like the conservative Shrauta.

Hindu modernizes conducts for archetypal Ayyavazhi are most contemporary.

Hinduism might be the only religious belief that could be so broadened in its theoretical premises and possible disclosures as to be labeled a "museum of religions". This religion cannot be track down into a producer nor does it have a "holy book" at its main scriptural basis.

The Vedas, Upanishads along with the Bhaghwath Gita might be considered as the authoritative texts of the Hindus. Just the opposite to almost any other religions, Hinduism fails to notify the glory Shiva or Vishnu or Rama or Krishna or more gods, and goddesses or a man may accept in the supreme thoughts as well as the perpetual soul within every and still identifies as a Hindu.

This gives a sign of the kind of contrasts this religion is marked by. At one end of the scale, it is a searching of the "Ultimate Reality; at the other end, there are religious group that worship spirits, trees and animals.

There are festivals and rituals associated not only with gods and goddesses but also with the sun, moon, planets, rivers, oceans, trees and animals. Some of the common Hindu festivals are Deepawali, Holi, Dhassera, Pongal, Ganesh Chaturthi, Janmastami and Shiv Ratri etc.

These numerous festive occasions lend Hinduism its amazing well-liked appeal and make the Indian tradition rich and colorful.

photo courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Ramayana
Ramayana

Hindu Prayers at a Temple -Vid

The Great epics Mahabharata and Ramayana have many heroic figures, which are eternal and are still existing among common peoples day to day life. There are independent views of passion and fondness towards them on account of the gods of Hinduism are long ago super humans.

There are several gods and goddesses worshiped by Hindus all over India. But the set of three Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva - (originator, preserver and demolisher respectively) are super gods in Hinduism.

Brahma has four heads harmonizing to the four headings of the magnetic compass. He is the originator of life and the whole visible world. Vishnu is the preserver, who supervises the continuation of birth and resurrection. He has also believed to have come down with living form to rescue the world from evil forces. The great Rama and Krishna have supposed to have been demonstrations of Vishnu.

Shiva, seen with a coiled cobra around his throat, wipes out all wicked and also has some manifestations or is all of which alarming.The mysterious deities have meant by a dilemma of viewpoints and idols implying godly powers. Quite a few of these icons have housed within decorated temples of exceptional beauty and splendor.

Hindu Scriptures

A large body of texts is classified as scriptures, separated into SRUTI (revealed) and SMIRUTI (remembered) texts. These texts talk about theology, philosophy and mythology, and offer information on the practice of dharma (religious living). Among these texts, the Vedas are the primary in authority, weight and antiquity. Other major scriptures include the Upanishads,Baghavathgeetha, Puranas and the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana.

Islam -Masjid (prayer House)
Islam -Masjid (prayer House)

How to Pray in Islam - Vid - How to Make Salaat

About the Religion Islam

The Muslims consist of more than 12 per cent of India's incumbent but their influence on the Indian citizenry was much stronger. The most important reason was that there were many Muslim monarchs in different parts of India.

The base code of belief of Islam are faith in the one God "Allah"; confidence in Muhammad as the final prophet and messenger of God; belief that the life on earth is a period of appraising and grounding for the life to come after the Judgment Day when everyone shall be awarded by God according to the actions performed in life.

The followers of Islam are bound to definite duties including the five ritual prayers accustomed; a weekly Juma prayer on Friday noon; a dawn-to-dusk fast in the month of Ramzan; a pilgrimage to Mecca for the annual assembly least once in a lifetime and disbursement of Zakat (charity) to the poor and needy.

All Muslims accept that God is only one alone. There is only one Almighty. Creator has no children, no parents, and no partners. Almighty was not conceived by a being. There are no alike, above, or below Gods.

The most eminent preacher of Islam in North India was Khawaja Chishti, who arrived from Iran; his faction has called Sufism and in Southern India Earvadi Ibrahim who was the Arab ancestry.

The masses of India turning in to Islam started in the 8th century during the Arabs began attacking North India and presently Pakistan. After the Arabs, other Muslims invaded India. One of the Mohghul rulers, Akbar, was remarkably modest, and he also founded a new religion named Din Elahi, which integrated in it credence from different religions.

Maximum of the Indians who changed to Islam has related to the lower classes of Indian community. Besides these, there were also Muslims who related to the ruling families of the different Indian Kingdoms.

Photo courtesy: flickr under creative commons license.

Holy Quran
Holy Quran

Two Sectors of Muslims

Muslims of India like the entire Muslim world is divided into two chief orders, Sunni as well as Shia. Moreover, just like in the entire Muslim world there is a dispute between the above two orders.

Each order has numerous separate academies. There are additionally Muslims who claim as one's due to be the heirs from the Fatima female child of Prophet Muhammad and men in this population unite the title Syed before their proper name.

One more claim is that the children of beginning Muslims are integrates the subtitle Sheik. Along with those Muslim world divisions, the Indian Muslims also have extra divisions.

Christianity Church at Velankanni
Christianity Church at Velankanni

The Christian prayer - Vid - "Our Father"

Christianity

Thomas, the Apostle reached Malankara, Kerala. Thomas made a convert of various caste Hindus and build a church here.

Christianity is said to have entered in India with St. Thomas, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ. He settled some years in South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and expired at Chennai.

Faith in the Holiness of Jesus traveled hand in hand with the belief in karma, metempsychosis, lighting of lamps and dispensing prasad. Without doubt, the early Indian Christians made a contrast between faith and customs.

Yet, others concluded that the first preachers to succeed in the motherland was St. Bartholomew. Historically, Christian missionary development started with the groundings of St. Francis Xavier in 1544.

Throughout the 18th, as well as 19th centuries, Catholic as well as Protestant preachers addressed Christian concepts in India and also formed significant enrichment to social improvement and education in India.

Much of the current influences in Indian people can be credited to the part of Christianity in India. Christian preachers helped in establishing up schools and colleges all over India and also in flowing the meaning of faith and understanding in the country.

Christianity and its instructions impressed a number of philosophers and thinkers in India, involving Mahatma Gandhi also Jawaharlal Nehru.

Now, In India Christians to be number over and above than 40 million. They are separated into further classifications within Christianity.

Christians admit that there is only one God who originated everything and cared for it. Jesus, son of God was send out into the world as his picked retainer to warn humans find the time to freedom.

Christianity instructs that, after Jesus earthly life, God's proximity remained on the globe in the form of the Holy Spirit or the Holy Ghost. The hope is fixed in the trilogy of God - as the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost.

Two traditions essential to Christian prayers are baptism, which commemorates and person's entry into Christianity, in addition to Eucharist (or Holy association), in which worshipers partake of sanctified bread and wine as an indication of unison with one another also with Jesus.

Photo Credit flickr under creative commons license

Buddhism - Prayer
Buddhism - Prayer

Buddhism

Buddhism invented as an offshoot of Hinduism in India but ultimately it became popular all over Asia. The teachings of Gautama Buddha, the founder of this faith, have liberal millions in Japan, China and Southeast Asia. There are strong lines of resemblance between Buddhism and the basic teachings of Hinduism.

Buddhism is based on the prime or the law of impermanence. According to this, everything is subject matter to change although some things may last longer than others.

The other basic principle of Buddhism is the law of causation, according to which nothing happens due to pure chance. Besides natural forces, it is Karma that guides to the occurrence of all events. The popular notions of the permanent soul and the cycle of rebirth emerge from these two basic philosophies.

Buddha advocated the Middle Path, in which he offered a balanced, pleasant way of life, steering between the two extremes of self-indulgence and total abstinence.

Buddhism lies upon four Noble Truths:

1. Suffering is universal.

2. It is caused by desire and yearning.

3. Suffering can be prevented and overcome.

4. Eradication of desires can lead to the removal of suffering.

To avert suffering one has to conquer craving and desire and this conquest leads to the attainment of Nirvana or complete enlightenment. The essence of Buddhism lies in the understanding that life is transient, that what is transient causes sorrow and where sorrow and change prevail, the idea of an immortal or permanent soul remains worthless.

Photo credit: flickr under creative commons license.

School of Buddism
School of Buddism

Buddhist Prayer - Vid

Schools of Buddhism

Buddha is announced to have delivered the mission of regaining and interpreting the exactness of sagaciousness prescribed reading to Nagarjuna, who completed the job adeptly.

He has also been identified for the basis of Madhyamaka or the midway school of Buddhist philosophy with the importance on the principle of vacuousness. It was Nagarjuna's reasoned doctrine that is associated with the development of Mahayana.

Just about two centenaries after Nagarjuna, a fresh, Mahayana school surfaced in India, be aware of as the Yogachara or a special one Yogic Practice School, which gave projection on meditative traditions.

From about the 4th centenary CE, a latest school of meditation, Vajrayana or Tantrayana Buddhism started to grow in India as an element of the Mahayana legend, which highlighted on tantric customs.

All the indicated schools of Buddhism had their individual theses, own traditions and notable line of followers.

According to Gautama Buddha's teachings, people can get free of the cycle of reincarnation by being virtuous people, by knowledge not to care about the things of the body, and through meditation. Buddhism became much admired in India and quickly reached throughout East Asia.

Sikhism - Indian Religion

Photo from Flickr

Sikhism does not maintain pilgrimage to holy sites because according to Sikhism, God is in all places and not in any certain place. However Sikhism has a few important sites, of which, the Hari Mandir, also well known as the 'Golden Temple' in Amritsar is the most notable site and is measured the holiest shrine of Sikhism.

The Sikh religion surfaced during the early 16th century in the state of Punjab in North India. The initiator of this religion was Guru Nanak, who from his childhood was involved to both Hindu and Muslim saints. Born a Hindu but enthused by the teaching of Islam, he began to preach the message of the unity of both religions. According to him, the basic teachings of the two faiths were fundamentally the same. Nanak attracted many supporters and came to be known as a Guru or a teacher. His followers came together to form a new religion called Sikhism.

Guru Nanak developed this religion and it also integrated beliefs from the two leading religions in the Punjab region, Hinduism and Islam. Like in Islam the belief in the existence of one invisible God. Like in Hinduism the belief in Karma and rebirth, meaning your dealings in this life will decide your fate in the next incarnation. The Sikhs also cremate their dead ones like Hindus.

The Gurus who followed Nanak added to the consolidation and spread of Sikhism. The teachings of Guru Nanak were integrated in the 'Guru Granth Sahib', the holy book of the Sikhs, which became an icon of God for the Sikhs. The fifth Guru, Guru Arjun, constructed the Golden Temple at Amritsar which became the holiest of Sikh shrines. The tenth Guru, Govind Singh, initiated military training to the Sikhs to help them protect themselves.

Sikh Man
Sikh Man

At Anandpur, on the Baisakhi day of 1699, Guru Govind Singh ordered his followers to assemble before him as was customary and shaped a new brotherhood of Sikhs called the Khalsa (Pure Once). Five men selected for their loyalty to the Guru were called Panj Pyares and were given Amrit (nectar) for their admission into brotherhood of Khalsa. Later, the Guru himself received initiation from the Panj Payares as did others. The members of the new brotherhood were educated to wear the five symbols (the five Ks) - uncut hair, a comb, a steel wrist-guard, a sword and breeches. The initiated men took the name Singh (Lion) and he women Kaur (Princess). The Guru also decided to end the succession of Gurus and was thus the last of the Sikh Gurus.

Sikhism put forward monotheism, i.e., worship one God. It also go up against the caste system and believes that all men are equal. Though the Sikhs amount to less than 2 per cent of the Indian population, they have become a noticeable community in the configuration of the Indian society and religious tradition and the Indian society.

Sikh Prayer - Vid - Chaupai Sahib Kirtan

More About Sikhs and Sikhism

Guru Granth Sahib the holy book is indited in Gurumukhi script. It includes the inditements of the Sikh Gurus and the inditements of Hindus and Muslims saints. But out of humbleness Guru Gobind Singh did not integrate in his own inditements in the holy book he had recognized as the permanent Guru of the Sikhs. His inditements seem in a separate book called "Dasam Granth".

Sikhism is highlighting community services and helping the needy people. One of the different features of Sikhism is the familiar kitchen called 'Langar'. In each and every Gurdwara there is a Langar. Every Sikh is supposed to donate in preparing the repasts in the free kitchen. The repasts are accommodated to all and are eaten sitting on the floor and this is to highlighting the point that all are equals.

The importance on militant tradition and community accommodation in Sikhism persists even today and lots of Sikhs services in the Indian army or police. The Sikhs also have a name as experts in steering, from Cars to Airplanes. They were among the first society in India who dared to drive vehicles specially trucks. India being a sizable country needed drivers who could also peregrinate at nights. But many Indians believed in erroneous notion like ghosts and troubled places, while the valiant Sikhs discarded these kinds of beliefs and therefore peregrinated at nights, since then their status as "Steering Masters of India"

Sikhism
Sikhism
Sikhism is the newest of the world religions, having just over 500 years of past. Sikhism is a belief that teaches a certain way of life, rather than a theory. To know more about this youngest religion, go through this book.
 

Jainism - Indian Religion

Jainism
Jainism

photo from: flickr

Jainism as a religious tradition was recognized in India about the same time as Buddhism. Mahavira, one of the Jinas (conquerors), sermonize the Jain philosophy around the same time that Buddhism began.

Like Buddhism, Jainism rose opposed to the corruption in the interpretation of Hinduism prevalent at the time. The underlying philosophy of Jainism is that the abandonment of worldly desires and self-conquest lead to perfect wisdom.

Mahavira, the founder of Jainism emphasized the virtue of Ahimsa as elemental since he has faith that all things, consist of stones, soil, and petrified trees, were living with Jiva(souls).

Mahavira also founded a society of priests, but his principles were much further extreme than the Buddha's midway path.

In reality, in Jainism as in Buddhism, the higher one rises above humanity and come near the almighty, the just more about does his condition path to a virtual or real nullity!

The main seats of Jainism were the western sectors of India, Gujarat and adjoining states. The focus of this religion has been cleansing of the soul by means of right conduct, right faith and right knowledge.

This faith also pronounced complete non-violence and the Jain monks can be seen with their nose and mouth covered by a cloth mask to ensure that they do not kill even germs or insects while breathing.

Today, Jainism has more than three million believers in India and finds wide acceptance because of its philosophy of sympathy for all living beings.

Jain Monks
Jain Monks

The Jains adopt non violent professions.

There are two Jain beliefs. 1. Shvetember, 2. Digamber. Digamber monks like Mahavira don't wear any clothes, but ordinarily they don't walk outside their temples. The Digambers are only men.

The Shvetembers monks are only wear white clothes and they include women. The Jains are vegetarians. But the pious Jains will do everything possible to avert hurting any living being.

They won't walk on fields where there are pests to avoid the risk of stepping on them. They also cover their mouth with piece of cloth to avert the possibility of swallowing small unseen microbes.

They generally do not work in occupation where there is a chance of killing any living being like in farming instead professions like banking and business.

Jainism: An Introduction (I.B.Tauris Introductions to Religion)
Jainism: An Introduction (I.B.Tauris Introductions to Religion)
According to Jains, every thing in the world, whether rock or tree or person or creature, has a soul. They, therefore, restore proper authority on ahimsa of non mutilation, and take pains to avoid killing or harming any life. This book clearly go into detail about Indian Religion Jainism.
 

Jain Prayer - Vid - Shankheshwar Parshvanath Vandana

Zoroastrianism

Zorastrian Fire Temple,  Yazd, Iran
Zorastrian Fire Temple, Yazd, Iran

Photo from flickr under creative commons license.

Zoroastrian Prayer - Vid

The first Zoroastrians to enter India arrived on the Gujarat coast in the 10th century, soon after the Arabian conquest of Iran and by the 17th century, most of them had settled in Mumbai (Bombay). Zoroastrian practice is based on the responsibility of every man and woman to choose between good and evil and to respect God's creations. The religion's founder, Zarathustra, lived in Iran in 6000 BC. He was the first religious prophet to expound a ritualistic philosophy based on the opposing powers of good and evil.

Zoroastrians can be seen in Mumbai today, where they are known as Parsees. They have no distinctive dress and have few houses of worship. Five daily prayers, usually hymns uttered by Zarathustra and standardized in the religions text Zenda Avesta, are chanted in the home or the temple, before a fire that symbolizes the realm of truth, righteousness and order.

The Judaism - Wold Religion

Synagogue at Cochin
Synagogue at Cochin

Jewish Prayer

The Paradesi Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in the Commonwealth of Nations[1], located in Kochi, Kerala, in South India. It was built in 1568 by the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community in the Kingdom of Cochin. Paradesi is a word used in several Indian languages, and the literal meaning of the term is "foreigners", applied to the synagogue because it was historically used by "White Jews", a mixture of Jews from Cranganore, the Middle East, and European exiles. It is also referred to as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue. The synagogue is located in the quarter of Old Cochin known as Jew Town,[1] and is the only one of the seven synagogues in the area still in use. The complex has four buildings.



photo & article, courtesy: Thaths under creative commons license.

The Jewish populace in India is hard to guesstimate since each Jewish commune is distinct with different origins like Cochin Jews, Bene Israel, Baghdadi Jews, Bnei Menashe, Bene Ephraim, Delhi Jews and Mumbai jews. These well-established ancient communities have absorbed a large number of local traditions through cultural diffusion. Of the entire Jewish population in India, about half of them live in Manipur and Mizoram and a quarter live in the city of Mumbai.

Jews have held key positions under the Indian princes in the past and even after independence from British Rule, have risen to very high ranks in government, military and industry. The oldest of the Indian Jewish society is in Cochin. Merchants from Judea arrived in the city of Cochin (Kerala) in 562 BC. The majority of Jews, however, came as exiles from Israel, after the destruction of the Second Temple.. The apparent Jewish community was called Anjuvannam. The still-functioning 'Synagogue' in Mattancherry belongs to the Paradesi Jews, the ancestry of Sephardim that were expelled from Spain and Holland in the year 1492.

Baha'i Faith - Vid - Principles and Practices

Bahai Faith

Bahai'­s believe that there is one paranormal being, "God" who has produced all the creatures and forces in this universe; God is almighty, all-knowing, and completely; and that although people have changed concepts of God and God's nature, and call God by various names, (Allah, Dios, Tao, God Brahma etc.) everyone is speaking of the same one being.


The Bahai's ­ teachings affirm that God is too great for humans to fully understand or to create an image of God. Even the titles that Bahai'­s ascribe to God such as the All-Powerful, and the All-Loving are originated from limited human experiences of power, love, or justice.

Bahaullah teaches that knowledge of God is limited to those characteristics and qualities which are noticeable to us, and thus direct knowledge of God is not possible. Furthermore Bahaullah states that the knowledge of the features of God is revealed to humanity through the messengers sent to humanity.

Diwali Festival - Dibawali Night at Chennai

Eid Celebration - Vid - Celebrating Eid-ul-Fitr in India

Indian Religious Festivals

Religious festivals are widely celebrated with great magnitude by the people of India.

Hindus are occupied in celebrating festivals such as Diwali, Holi, Durga Puja, Ugadi, Dussera, Ganesh Chaturthi, Sankranthi and Pongal etc.

Among Islamic festivals, Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha are very popular.

Prominent Sikh festivals, In the midst of other Indian religious festivals include Birthdays of Gurus, Vaisakhi, Bandi Chorr Divas and Hola Maholla.

Christmas and Buddha Jayanthi are the most important festivals of the Christians and the Buddhists respectively.

In integration, a number of festivals are familiar to most parts of India with a variety in regions depending on customary religious and linguistic approach.

Vivekananda, World Teacher: His Teachings on the Spiritual Unity of Humankind
Vivekananda, World Teacher: His Teachings on the Spiritual Unity of Humankind
Swami Vivekananda, attended the Chicago World Parliament of Religions and discussed with his unique voice: "if thou cannot behold the God in the human face, in what way you can see him in the sky, or in idols made of flat, lifeless matter". Read more about this greatest guru of the east.
 
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