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83The Roman Empire
The period which Rome controlled most of the Mediterranean world is known as the Roman Empire. The term empire refers to both the extent of Rome's territories and the type of rule. The length of time and vastness of the area spanned by Rome's empire make it almost impossible to generalise about its features. At its greatest extent it stretched from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to Mesopotamia in the east, along the Rhine and Danube frontiers to the north and the top of Africa to the south.
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88Roman Emperor - Claudius
Roman emperor from 41 AD to 54 AD. Claudius was a scholar, historian and able administrator. One of the greatest of the early Roman emperors. He was made emperor by the Praetorian Guard after the murder of his nephew, Gaius Caligula, in AD 41.
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91Roman Emperor - Nero
Born at Antium, his original name was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; but in AD 50 his mother married her uncle, the emperor Claudius, who adopted and renamed him. In 53, at the age of 16, Nero married Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina. On the death of Claudius in the following year Agrippina secured the succession of Nero to the exclusion of her stepson Britannicus, who was poisoned in 55.
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89Roman Emperor - Vespasian
Born near Reaste, a city northeast of Rome. His full name was Titus Flavius Vespasianus. He became a general and in 67 AD Emperor Nero sent him to put down a Jewish rebellion in Judea. During the year after Nero's death (68 AD) Generals Galba, Otho and Vitellius followed one another as emperor. Finally, Vespasian's troops proclaimed him emperor in 69 AD and he went to Rome. There the Senate passed the Lex de imperio Vespasinai, the first written statement of the powers of a Roman emperor. He was
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76Roman Emperor - Augustus
The Roman Republic ended with Julius Caesar and the Roman Empire began with Augustus Caesar. Augustus, the title originally conferred by the Roman senate in 27 B.C. upon Gaius Octavianus, the successor of Julius Caesar. It was afterwards borne by emperors both of the ancient empire and of the Holy Roman Empire.
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89Roman Emperor - Hadrian
Hadrian's official name was Publius Aelius Hadrian. He was born in Spain. His father died during Hadrian's youth, and Trajan, Hadrian's cousin, became his guardian. Trajan became emperor in 98. Hadrian became emperor after Trajan's death in 117.
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81Roman Emperor - Caligula
Roman emperor, son of Germanicus and successor to Tiberius in AD 37. Caligula was a cruel tyrant and was assassinated by an officer of his guard. He is believed to have been mentally unstable.
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86Roman Emperor - Constantine I
Constantine the Great, born Flavius Valerius Constantinus, at Naissus, in Upper Moesia (now Nish, Yugoslavia), 272 A.D. He was the illegitimate son of Emperor Constantius I and his mother was Flavia Helena....
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76Roman Emperor - Titus
Roman emperor from AD 79. Eldest son of Vespasian, he captured Jerusalem in 70 AD to end the Jewish revolt in Roman Palestine. He completed the Colosseum, and helped mitigate the suffering from the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.
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68Roman Emperor - Domitian
Domitian succeeded Titus, his elder brother, as emperor in 81 AD. The early part of Domitian's reign was marked by good government, but he soon adopted cruel and tyrannical measures.
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