What is Quantum Physics Theory? Introduction and Application and Theory Definition

Quantum Mechanics is also sometimes know as wave mechanics. In this section it includes "investigation of the behavior of micro-particles". Most advances that have taken in solid stat, atomic and nuclear physics based on the principles of quantum mechanics.

There are basic laws of Classical Physics:

• Newtonian mechanics
• maxvell's electromagnetic theory
• thermodynamics
• statistical mecahnics

Using this laws or theories it was found that obtained results can not be explained or analyzed. the most important results are:

• The spectral distribution of energy radiated by a black body
• The photoelectric effect
• The Compton effect
• Atomic spectra

Now when scientists tried to explain these results the development of "quantum mechanics: started initially. And after that these give a good result on inside of the atoms and nuclei.If we consider simple atoms than the predictions on the principles of quantum mechanics agree with the experimental results. Thus laws of Quantum Mechanics can be applied to higher quantum number also. But laws of classical mechanics can not be applied.

classical mechanics failed to explain

• Compton effect
• photoelectric effect
• zeeman effect
• absorption of light

To explain these theories due to interaction of light to matter gave birth to "Quantum Theory of Light". it was first introduced by Max Ludwig Planck of Germany in the year 1900.

1. Compton Effect:

It was experimentally found that the the frequency of some of the X-rays scattered by electrons was not the same as the frequency of the incident X-rays. The scattered S-rays found to consists of two components. One component having the same wavelength as the incident X-ray and the other having longer wavelength. the theory in change in frequency is called Compton Effect. This can be explained by Quantum theory.

Einstein's Quantum Theory of Photoelectric Effect:

It's a phenomenon of emission of electrons by certain substances, when they are illuminated by radiations like X-rays, ultra-violet, and even visible light. The emitted electrons are called photo electrons. This phenomenon of photoelectric effect was experimentally verified and based on the experimental results, law of photoelectric emission are formulated. It was observed that these results can not be explained on the basis of "Electromagnetic Theory".

Using Einstein;s photoelectric equation all the experimental results about photoelectric emission were give explanation.

Dual nature of matter waves:

The phenomenon like interference, diffraction and polarization of light etc. are explained based on the wave theory of light.

I am not going to explain more about this. This article is only about introduction and where this physics was used only. If I am able to write more than will write whole series on this topic.

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