Homonyms or homophones are words which sound the same (or similar), but have different meanings, and often different spellings.

These are often confusing to people who learn English as a second language. They are also a problem for native-born English speakers.

For example, the poem at the right sounds correct when read allowed . . . er . . . I mean aloud, but incorrect homonyms have been substituted. throughout.

I have used the example as an elementary level grammar lesson, by reading it, and displaying the written version for students to copy and correct.

There are 19 or 20 misused words in a short poem, even though the words sound right.

(A pome, by the way, is a kind of fruit that has a core with seeds like an apple or pear.)

The use and misuse of certain words can cause a mental jolt when you are reading.

I recently read about a young man who joined the Marine Corpse, a person who attended Cavalry Church, a person who advocated human execution for sick animals, and a legal matter with a statue of limitations.

Thankfully, they were not all in the same article.

The word "close" can sound like clothes if you don't get the "th" sound in there, and way too many people --who aren't even Tarzan-- think they are wearing cloths instead of clothes. If you ARE wearing a loincloth and you are close to the door, close it.

A Nightmare and a Knight Mare

A nightmare is a disturbing dream-- presumably occurring at night. A knight mare is a female horse belonging to a knight, though any genuine self-respecting knight would surely ride a stallion.

Sometimes homophones and near homophones come in threes or fours

pair pear pare: "Please pare a pair of pears."

road rode rowed: "We rode the boat which was rowed down the flooded road."

you're you're yore ur: " You're unlikely to find people who were texting the word 'ur' on your cell phone, in days of yore.

We whee Wii wee: "The three wee pigs went wee wee wee, all the way home to play with their Wii. Wheee!"

bear bare beer: " It is unwise to hunt bear while bare and drinking beer." (Ok, so beer doesn't quite work, but if you are hunting bears while naked, it probably involves beer.)

One of the most misused words on the internet seems to be "sight" when the word "site" should be used. A site like an internet web page is a place, a location.

Of course you can also "cite" a reference or even cite an entire site. Sight is a sense of vision or something seen with the eyes. One reason that it is confusing is that sites can be seen and so can sights.

If you are referring to a location that can be found on the internet-- don't refer people to your sight, please use "site", and please cite it correctly.

It is possible to misuse homophones several different ways in one short sentence , as in: "They're stuff is over their. "

I suppose the confusion comes here because it is entirely appropriate to congratulate people on their GRADuation.

The problem comes because these are NOT even near homophones. ConGRADulations is NOT even a REAL WORD. (Excuse the shouting.) The real problem here is sloppy pronunciation. I see and hear this one way too much.

If you don't, look them up.

Some words are approximate homonyms. Correct pronunciation helps in many cases, but not always. Which examples are correct?

1. dying dyeing: I'm dyeing to dye my hair.

2. forth fourth : I was forth in line, but when the whole group went fourth, I lost my place and came in fortieth.

3. weather whether: We don't know whether the weather will be hot or cold.

4. weave we've -- It's getting cold. We've got to weave another blanket

(only #4 is correct.)

To extend the "pome" lesson above, as either an oral or written exercise, students can write their own poems, stories or sentences and have other students correct them.

If you are using it as a lesson, you might want reference the words in the list, or even ask the students to come up with more examples.

Knowing the differences between similar words, and using them correctly can often make the difference in your credibility whether you are writing a hub or a résumé. (see sidebar)