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What Is a Magnetar and Other Extreme Neutron Star Physics Questions?
There are neutron stars which excite us. Then there are pulsars, which take neutron stars to the next level. What comes after that? Magnetars. This and more extreme neutron star questions are tackled here.
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What Is the Island of Stability?
Particle physics is full of surprises, but to discover a location of tranquility in a storm of instability is amazing. Yet that is exactly what the island of stability is.
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What Are the Latest Developments in Battery Technology?
Everyone should be constantly concerned with battery life. What advancements are being made to improve this field?
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What Are Phase Portaits and Phase Space in Chaos Theory?
In every theory, certain tools are indispensable. Chaos theory is no different, and without phase portraits or phase space we would be dead in the water.
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What Applications Led to Chaos Theory?
Every scientific road needs applications. Chaos is no different, and some led to further insights into the discipline. Here are a few of them...
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How Was Chaos Theory Discovered?
Complicated? Yes. Possible to understand? For sure. Surprising results? Of course! The road to chaos is mapped here.
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Does Calculus Represent Reality? The Early Fights Over Indivisibles
Calculus! We all love it, but who were the early pioneers that led the fight over indivisibles, a cornerstone for this topic?
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What Is Tabby's Star and Is It Proof for Aliens?
We all love a good stellar mystery, and Tabby's Star is proving to be a great one. What possibilities exist for its strange behavior?
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Who Developed Indivisibles? The Precursor to Infintesimal Calculus
Like all important fields of study, Calculus had its growing pains. Here is the journey to the foundations of that amazing field.
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What Is Starshot and the Plan to Visit the Alpha Centauri Star System?
None of us will make it to another star system. But that doesn't mean we can't see what one looks like. Starshot is that chance.
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What Are Popular Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics?
So many different versions to consider. Will you be the one to come up with a new solution?
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What Is Imaginary Time?
Sounds made up, doesn't it? But in reality, it could be a missing key to physics.
- 2
Can We See and Picture the Surfaces of Other Stars?
Seeing other stars up close? Is it possible? Indeed! Come and see what was once science fiction!
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What Are Active Asteroids, or Main Belt Comets?
New celestial objects in the solar system are always intriguing. What are these new classifications and their implications for us?
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What Is a Tidal Disruption Event Around a Black Hole?
Black holes are engines of destruction unlike anything we are familiar with. One of their specialties is a tidal disruption event, and here we will delve into the mechanics of it.
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What Are Unnovae, or Failed Supernovas?
Another one? Yes, a brand new field of study into how certain stars end their life.
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What Are Tachyons?
While we don't know if they exist, the physics of tachyons would bring much excitement to science. But what are they?
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How Do Black Holes Evaporate?
Black holes are eternal, right? Nope, and the reason why is shocking: quantum mechanics!
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What Advancements in Material Sciences Have Been Made That No One Is Talking About?
Much happens here, and at a fast pace. Take a look at what you are missing!
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What is The Coleridge Effect? When a Star Appears Inside the Moon
Can such a thing happen? Many people in the past think so...
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What Is Maxwell's Demon Paradox?
What started as a simple thought experiment grew to be so much more...
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What Is Obler's Paradox?
Why is the sky at night dark if stars are everywhere? Read on to find out the surprising answer!
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Does the Universe Have a Supervoid? Explaining the Cold Spot of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Cosmological mysteries are numerous, incredible in size, and the possible explanations for them are just as bountiful. Let's explore the supervoid, one of those mysteries, and see what it could be...
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How Can Black Holes Be Described In Terms of Spacelike and Timelike Curves?
Scientists have their own way to talk about black holes. Want to expand your ability to do just that? Read on to find out how...
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Physics Before Galileo
Galileo, the great prototype for all scientists, made many discoveries in physics and astronomy. But whose work did he build off of?
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What Are Some Famous Time Paradoxes?
Often a headache, time paradoxes are hard to fully delve into. Lets try and take a look at a few of them and see what we can learn from them.
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Cosmic Yardsticks, Spiral Nebulas, and Island Universes: The Early History of Measuring the Universe
How do we measure the distance to far away objects? A tough talk for sure, and the history behind the theories involved are just as interesting.
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Does the Moon Have Its Own Moon?
Sounds crazy, I know. Read on, for you may be surprised by what you find.
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What Are Zeno's Paradoxes, Including Achilles, Dichotomy, Stadium, and Arrow?
Ready for some ancient thought experiments? The solutions are not always as easy as they seem!
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The Rainbow Star, or the Mystery of Hartmann's Celestial Object
Another astronomical mystery without an easy solution. Did astronomers find an unknown planet in the 1830s?
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What Are Black Holes in String Theory?
Already a complicated subject, black holes get even weirder when viewed through the lens of string theory. Read on for some odd possibilities for what black holes really are.
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Why Was Galileo Charged With Heresy?
The Inquisition was a dark time in human history. One of its victims was Galileo, the famous astronomer. What led to his trial and conviction?
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What Were Galileo's Best Debates?
Galileo was an accomplished man and the prototype scientist. But along the way, he got into a lot of verbal jousts and here we will dig deeper into the best ones he partook.
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William Lassell and the Imaginary Rings of Neptune
Astronomy is full of historical examples of mysterious objects seen but weren't really there. Did Lassell actually spot the rings of Neptune?
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What Were Galileo's Contributions to Physics?
Galileo not only spotted new objects in the sky but also laid the groundwork for advancements in physics. What were they?
- 1
What Were Galileo's Contributions to Astronomy?
Galileo's findings in astronomy shook the world. What did he see?
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What Was Star K, the Mysterious Missing Planet of the 19th Century?
Many objects have been seen in the sky that were found to be nonexistent. Here is one that was well-documented but alas, was something else...
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How Did the Ancient Greeks Measure the Circumference of the Earth?
The methods implemented by the ancient Greek people to find the circumference of the Earth were simply amazing, especially when you see how accurate they were.
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What Are Some Mysteries and Challenges That Electrons Bring to Physics?
Like many aspects of particle physics, electrons offer their own unique problems. Here is a sampling of some of the most interesting ones.
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Star Trek: The Star To Every Wandering: Thoughts and Analysis on Temporal Physics and Parallels
Captain Kirk had one last adventure after the Nexus. What happened that changes our view of his final mission? Read on to find out how he accomplished this feat.
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Star Trek: The Star To Every Wandering: Themes on Losses in Captain Kirk's Life
Captain Kirk goes through an amazing journey in The Star To Every Wandering, not just physically but emotionally as well. Let us take a look at what new revelations we find out about Kirk.
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What Are Some Mysteries and Challenges That Neutrons Bring to Physics?
Such a small difference can make a huge impact on physics. The neutron has done that, and a resolution to this problem isn't going to be easy to find.
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Star Trek: The Fire and the Rose: Exploration on The Fall of Spock
Through this trilogy that celebrated the 40th anniversary of Star Trek, we looked at the inner psyche of Spock in a brand new light. Here we will examine him and how he was after the loss of Kirk.
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Star Trek: The Fire and the Rose: Exploration on The Redemption of Spock
In the first review of this novel, we saw Spock lose his control and reject his humanity. Here we will explore how he regained it with a little bit of help from an old friend and the impact it had.
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What Evidence Do We Have for the Late Heavy Bombardment Period?
A time of turmoil in the solar system, much evidence is found for its lasting impact. Here we examine that and see what conclusions we can reach.
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What Are Some Ancient Models of the Solar System?
Well before the rigors of science took hold in the world, people have come up with some creative ideas for our solar system. Let us explore a few of those now.
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Star Trek: Provenance of Shadows: Review, Themes, Analysis and Thoughts on the Original Timeline
With an amazing trilogy to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Star Trek, breaking it up to examine its revelations is difficult. Let us take a look at what happened to McCoy in our timeline...
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Star Trek: Provenance of Shadows: Review, Themes, Analysis and Thoughts on the Alternate Timeline
The start of the 40th anniversary of Star Trek provided us with an inside look at McCoy, a man who we find led two extraordinary lives. Here are some inside moments into the alternate life of McCoy.
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Thorne Zytkow Objects, or the Star Within a Star
Astrophysics has provided us with countless wonders in the Universe. Here is the next one though, and detecting one will prove to be more than a challenge.
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Which Came First: The Black Hole or the Galaxy? Challenges to Black Hole and Galactic Growth Models
Like the chicken or the egg debate, this has two sides that are determined they are right. Here is the evidence we have, and no easy answers are to be found.
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The Secrets of Pluto's Moons, Including Charon, Styx, Hydra, Kerberos, and Nix
Before New Horizons, little was known about Pluto's moons. Now, we are witnessing a complex picture forming around them that will intrigue for years to come.
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Are Gluons Massless? Is There a Big Problem With Little Physics?
The matter around you is composed of atoms but if we delve deeper we can find subatomic parts made of quarks and gluons. But they don't work according to our current understanding of physics.
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Black Holes, Holograms, Inflation, and Other Possible Surprises From the Early Universe
Talking about the early Universe is a difficult proposition, with so many competing factors we have to take into account. Then throw in inflation, black holes, and holograms and we got complexity.
- 1
What Can We Do With X-Ray Lasers? Surprises From Extreme Physics
X-rays are a great tool for science, and so are lasers. So combine them and what do you got? Some awesome physics.
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What Are the Problems with Finding the Age of the Universe?
Finding the age of the Universe is like completing a puzzle without knowing the big picture. We have many clues, but sometimes pieces can be misleading...
- 1
What Are Cosmic Rays and What Do They Reveal About the Universe?
Known for centuries, these mysterious particles are just now beginning to shed their secrets.
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Enceladus and Her Many Mysteries Revealed by the Cassini Space Probe
This little moon of Saturn is proving to be a fascinating place...for life?
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What Were the Gravity A and B Probes and What Did They Do for Relativity?
Einstein has been verified time and time again. Want another test or two? Then let us push it to the extreme just like Gravity Probe A and B did.
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What Was the MESSENGER Spacecraft and Its Mission to Planet Mercury?
Mercury is not only the first planet in the solar system but the least understood terrestrial planet. That all changed with the arrival of MESSENGER, and the secrets it uncovered are mysterious.
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GRAIL Probes Ebb and Flow and the Mapping of the Interior of the Moon
Many probes have visited our closest neighbor so many times. But so rarely has a duo been utilized for such precise measurements. Read on to see what Ebb and Flow uncovered underneath the moon.
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What Are Some Strange, Unusual, Weird Objects in Our Solar System?
An awfully subjective topic, but take a look and see if you find something you never knew existed. Our solar system has plenty to look at.
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What Are Fast Radio Bursts and How Do We Find More?
Another recent development in astronomy, though this one is full of mystery. What are these bursts and what implications do they raise?
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Testing Out Black Holes by Looking at the Event Horizon
Despite what you may have been told, we can see around a black hole if the conditions are right. Based on what we find there, we may have to rewrite the books on relativity.
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Milton Humason: The Man Behind the Hubble Law
Often in science, background workers put in the true efforts that other take credit for. Here is an axample of such an individual.
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The Standard Candles of Astronomy, or How We Attempt to Measure Distance in Space
Some require little science while others are pushing boundaries. Here is a sampling of all the different methods we know.
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Is Chiron an Asteroid, a Comet, or a Trapped Kuiper Belt Object?
While many points have to be considered, one swiftly finds themselves lost in the nuances of Chiron's properties and characteristics.
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What Are Hypervelocity Stars?
Not a frequently talked about subject in popular science, these objects may offer more to our knowledge of the universe than initially thought.
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The Formation of the Moon, or How Did That Get There?
Figuring out how the moon was created is one of the deepest mysteries of archeological astronomy. We do have ideas though...
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Will Supersymmetry Save or Ruin Physics?
Though still mysterious, this hot field of science may be the keystone to physics or send it spiraling into chaos.
- 8
Different Models of the Universe That Revise the Big Bang Theory
Everyone has heard of the Big Bang Theory, but what about possible alternatives? Read on to learn more.
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What Is the Proton Radius Puzzle?
What started as a simple verification of a long standing value in particle physics may hint at new possibilities unknown to scientists at this time.
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What Was the Rosetta Space Probe? The Mission to Land Philae on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
The first landing on a comet proved to be more of a challenge than anyone thought it would be, but the science uncovered has been monumental and justifies the struggle.
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How Do Gravity Wave Detectors and Observatories Work?
Not something we think about often, but these waves would solve many problems in physics. Now, how to find them...
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What Are Recent Advancements in Glass Technology?
We all thought we knew what glass was. But recent developments have changed their purpose and now have placed them at the forefront of innovation.
- 2
Is a Brown Dwarf a Planet or a Star?
Oftentimes in science, we encounter boundary objects that push the theories we have to the brink. Take brown dwarfs for example. Planet or star? You be the judge.
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What Was the Giotto Space Probe and Its Flyby of Comets Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup?
The return of Comet Halley in the 1980s sparked a huge spike in comet science. None was as successful as Giotto, the ESA's mission to explore multiple comets.
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What Is Light Pollution and Why Is It an Issue?
This is becoming more and more of a problem as urbanization rises, but we can learn from past efforts to influence our future actions.
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Dream Chaser, or the Private Space Shuttle
Though not as popular as SpaceX or Virgin Galactic, this space company hope to use established technology to drive the private space industry.
- 2
What Is Gravitational Lensing? Its Discovery, Mechanics, and Applications
Gravitational lensing is a bizarre consequence of relativity. This natural occurrence can reveal the beauty and science of some rare objects.
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What Are Some Applications and Surprises of Laser Physics?
Easily a favorite topic amongst many of us. Now, here are some more reasons why we love lasers. As if you needed any more!
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Clementine, or the USA's Return to the Moon After the Apollo Space Program
Though a fast-paced mission, this was a big step for later missions like LCROSS and LRO, and the science achieved here had implications we see to this day.
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Is There a Planet Vulcan? The Story of the Planet That Never Was but the Asteroids That Could Be
Though largely abandoned, the idea of a missing planet or asteroid field between Mercury and the Sun continues to intrigue us.
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Does the Moon Have an Atmosphere and What Is It Made Of?
Not necessarily the first place to go looking for one of these features, to be fair. But that is okay, for the mechanics of this one are truly noteworthy.
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Galileo's Fight and Flight to Jupiter
So many space missions are never realized because of finances, politics, or technical limitations. Galileo somehow faced all of these and came through with some amazing science on Jupiter.
- 2
The Development of Exoplanet Detection Methods, Techniques and Ideas Before the Kepler Space Telescope
While there were many misses in this field, they deserve recognition as steps towards a sound method for exoplanet hunting.
- 2
How Do Black Holes Interact, Collide, and Merge With Each Other?
With such extreme physics already at play, can we hope to understand the process behind black hole mergers?
- 2
How Do Black Holes Jet Material into Space?
While they are powerful engines of destruction, the beams they shoot into space are a separate breed of chaos which deserves a closer look.
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What Has New Horizons Discovered at Pluto?
After nearly a decade New Horizons has accomplished its primary mission of examining Pluto. What secrets did it uncover?
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What Science and Discoveries Has The Dawn Spacecraft Found on Dwarf Planet Ceres?
The mysterious dwarf planet Ceres captivates us as it presents new findings which challenge our theories thanks to data from Dawn.
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What Was Dawn's Mission on Vesta?
All great space missions have a target. But Dawn is unique in that it is the first craft to enter orbit of one then leave it for another. Here is the story of its visit to Vesta.
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How Accurate Are Black Holes in Film?
Though a thorough list of movies would go on forever, it is possible to look at the Hollywood approach to black holes and learn what they got right—and absolutely wrong.
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The Story of Democracy in Science: What Was the 2006 IAU Definition of a Planet Vote Controversy?
Science is all about remaining as objective as possible while developing new theories to explain other ones. So when science moves away from being empirical, problems arise.
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What Are Some Problems with the Current Definition of a Planet and What Would An Alternate Approach Be?
While the current IAU definition is a good start, it needs revision and this system I propose may be a good place to start.
- 5
How Do Black Holes Eat and Grow?
Thought by many to be engines of destruction, the act of consuming matter may in fact bring about creation.
- 2
What Is the Bose-Einstein Condensate and What Does It Tell Us About Matter?
Often considered a different state of matter, the BEC reveals many interesting physics of the bizarre.
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The Odd Physics of Pulsars
All boundaries reveal new phenomenon and these are no exception. Learn more about the odd physics of pulsars.
- 0
What Are Some Effective Math Teaching Strategies?
Some of these tips may help you get across to a student and help them succeed in their subject!
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What Are Some Common Mistakes on Proportions and How Can You Fix Them?
Hopefully this article will help you recognize and fix your proportion mistakes!
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What Are Tips on Saving Gas (And Money) While Driving?
These are easy-to-do tips on helping you save some gas (and money)!
- 0
What Is SpaceX, the Heavy Falcon, and the Push for the Colonization of Mars?
While still going through growing pains, SpaceX is sure to be the best future for private space travel.
- 2
What Has Cassini-Huygens Discovered on Titan?
Once a mysterious point of light, but now a wild world full of surprises.
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Cassini's Discoveries and Flybys of Phoebe, Hyperion, Dione, and Other Saturn Moons
Much is discussed about Saturn and Titan, but the minor moons of Saturn deserve their moment in the spotlight.
- 0
How Can Photons Be Counted and How Is Light Trapped as Matter?
Photons are hard to understand. They are even more challenging now after these newest discoveries which are analyzed here.
- 2
What Are Quasars, Blazars, and Active Galactic Nuclei?
With the right tools and an ability to open up to new horizons, you too can delve into the mystery that is known as a quasar.
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What Are Surprising Results From the Physics of Time?
Though something we cannot hold in our hands, we may feel time slip away. But what is it? And after all is done, do we want to know?
- 6
What Are Some Famous Space Collisions?
If you haven't been in a fender-bender, consider yourself lucky. This article is about what happens when such an incident happens - in space!
- 4
What Is a Neutrino and All Its Flavors?
These particles are a huge component of modern particle physics, but boy are they a pain to comprehend!
- 2
Inflation, Gravitational Waves, and the Multiverse
Recent work has brought up the question of the multiverse. Gravity may be the key to finally settling this debate.
- 2
How the New Horizons Spacecraft Was Developed
Pluto was the forgotton planet (when it was still one) during the Voyager and Pioneer programs. Now, New Horizons will shed light on this strange object and its neighborhood.
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The Mariner 2 Space Probe, NASA's First Interplanetary Success, and The First Mission to Planet Venus
Not many Americans remember the early struggles of NASA including its rocket failures and the USSR, but with Mariner 2 the US finally scored a first in the important space race.
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How the Dawn Spacecraft Was Built and Developed to Explore Vesta and Ceres
Some objects get glossed over when it comes to solar system exploration. Now two important asteroids are finally getting their chance to reveal their secrets thanks to this special space probe.
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What is the Steady State Theory of the Universe?
Many of us are familiar with the Big Bang theory for the evolution of the universe, but many remain unaware of a competing theory that was more widely accepted in the 1950's than the Big Bang.
- 2
What Samples Have We Brought Back From Outer Space?
We know of many missions sent into space, but what about those special ones that came back with something from outer space?
- 2
What Is Einstein's Cosmological Constant and How Does It Affect the Expansion of the Universe?
Considered by Einstein to be his "greatest blunder," it in fact may describe the mysterious expansion of the universe.
- 0
What Can We Learn From the Spin of a Rotating Black Hole?
The rotation of the material around a black hole is just a visible spin. Beyond that, special tools and techniques are required to find out more about the spin of a black hole.
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What Is the Black Hole Firewall Paradox?
Involving many principles of science, this particular paradox follows a consequence of black hole mechanics and has far-reaching implications, no matter what the solution is.
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Some Facts on Black Hole Sagittarius A*
Though it lies 26,000 light years away, A* is the closest supermassive black hole to us. It is therefore our best tool in understanding how these complex objects work.
- 1
Virgin Galactic and Their SpaceShipTwo and White Knight Rocket System
Now that NASA is no longer able to send astronauts without help, it is the age where the private sector is beginning to step up and provide new opportunities in space.
- 2
Did Water on Earth Come From Comets?
Though no one knows for sure where the water on Earth came from, many look to comets for answers. But are we looking in the right place?
- 0
Advanced Proofs of the Dot and Cross Products for Calculus
These proofs go beyond the standard properties of the dot and cross product and explore new applications and surprising results.
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How to Solve for Properties and Proofs of Cross Product of Vectors for Calculus
With the use of the cross product, vector calculus really takes off, exploring new ideas and concepts that would otherwise be denied to us.
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How to Solve for Properties and Proofs of the Triple Scalar Product of Vectors for Calculus
Having the appearance of the cross and dot products, the TSP instead offers a way to find the volume of shapes and more.
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How to Solve for Properties and Proofs of the Projection of Vectors for Calculus
Vectors have components that may overlap other vectors. We are interested in these projections for various reasons, and their proofs offer further insight into vector calculus.
- 0
How to Solve for Properties and Proofs of the Dot Product for Calculus
The mysterious dot product has a basis in vector theory that has wide applications. Here we examine how we know what it is and how to use it.
- 0
How to Solve for Properties and Proofs of the Unit Vector for Calculus
Unit vectors tell us the basic information of a vector. It is critical to know all the properties and proofs that help guide what we can do with them.
- 0
Useful Vector Properties and Proofs for Calculus
Vectors are an important component of higher-level calculus. How do we arrive at many of the results that we take for granted?
- 0
The Solution to The Missing Dollar Paradox, The Monty Hall Paradox, and Other Famous Paradoxes
Throughout history, many famous contradictions in arguments and theories have arisen. Some have easy explanations while others leave one wondering how to resolve them.
- 0
What Is The Difference Between Emission Spectra and Absorption Spectra?
Both of these are used frequently in astronomical work but the differences between them help us learn more about their sources.
- 0
Why Is There A Difference Between A Sidereal Day And A Solar Day?
How long is a day? Depends on what type you are referring to!
- 0
What Are Some Strange Geometry Facts of the World?
Remember that math class that had all the proofs? It had some strange facts in there also.
- 0
What Are Some Weird and Surprising Physics Facts?
One will be surprised how some "simple" constructs around us are anything but.
- 4
How Can We Find Evidence, Test, or Prove String Theory?
While it may ultimately prove to be wrong, scientists know of several ways to test for string theory using many conventions of physics.
- 1
What Is the Nice Model, or How Did Our Solar System Form?
No one knows for sure how the solar system formed, but a possible answer lies in the Nice model.
- 0
Where in the Solar System Is There Water?
Water is essential for life as we know it, so where we find it life could exist. But where in the solar system is water located?
- 5
How Did We Find Water on the Moon and Where Did It Come From?
We now know that water is definitely on the moon, but how did it get there?
- 3
Fun Facts About Gravity
We all know the pull of gravity that the Earth exerts on us. What we may not realize are the unforeseen consequences that range from our everyday lives to some strange hypothetical scenarios.
- 0
Does Quantum Mechanics Work on Us, or Can I Really Be in Two Places at Once?
Though it works great on the quantum level, we have yet to see this work on the macro level. Is gravity the key to solving this mystery?
- 5
Why Can We See the Moon During the Day?
Though a brilliant object at night, the Moon can also be seen during the day. Even against the bright Sun, you can witness many of its features. But how?
- 4
What Would Earth Be Like Without the Moon?
Though it may be hard to imagine a world without the moon, many have dared to wonder. What results from its absence has more profound effects than we could have known.
- 0
Is the Universe Symmetrical?
When we look at the universe as a whole, we attempt to find anything that can be thought of as symmetrical. These clues reveal much about what is all around us.
- 1
Why Did We Never Go Back To The Moon?
Looking up at the sky, it seems so close and within easy reach. Man has landed there 6 times, and then never again. Why?
- 0
Help on Paraphrasing Sentences and Arguments into Sentenial Logic
Oftentimes, we may encounter difficulties evaluating arguments. With the ability to translate these arguments into logical form, we gain new insights into their applications and implications.
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How to Solve Terminating Fractions and Repeating Decimals Involving 9 in the Denominator
Repeating decimals and terminating fractions can seen foreign to us and hard to utilize. But for certain ones, they have a relation with 9 that makes them easy to solve.
- 0
What is a Truth Table?
Truth tables have many applications in logic. Making one though is a challenge. Frequently, we will find many strategies that can help us turn arguments into truth tables.
- 0
Material Conditionals and Bi-Conditionals
With the use of material conditionals (if...then...) and bi-conditionals (...if and only if...), symbolic logic really begins to take off in practicality.
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Truth-Preserving, Logical Validity, Soundness, and Inductive Strength
Knowing what it means to be truth-preserving, logically valid, having a sound argument, and how much inductive strength your argument contains can all be hard to pin down. That is, until now.
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Deriving the Quadratic Formula
While often a useful tool in our math class, how many of us know why it works? Here is that reason.
- 8
How Many Types of Black Holes Are There?
Black holes, mysterious objects of the universe, have many different types. Do you know the differences between them all?
- 2
How Is Popcorn Made? the Physics of Cooking Popcorn
While we all enjoy a good bowl of popcorn, few know of the mechanics that cause popcorn to form in the first place.
- 2
What Are Superatoms?
Amazingly, under the right conditions a group of atoms can behave like an individual atom and become a superatom.
- 2
How Was Neptune Discovered? the Story of Mathematical Competition and an Unresolved Controversy
The eighth planet to be found, Neptune's discovery is full of politics and failed potential yet one of the ultimate triumphs in mathematical astronomy.
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The Original NASA Project Orion Space Program, or Using Nuclear Weapons as Propulsion
Though many know of the Space Shuttle, few know of the Orion Space Program. This rocket that failed to get off the drawing board utilized a unique fuel source: nuclear bombs.
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What Is the Chandra X-Ray Space Observatory?
This space observatory got its roots in a hidden frontier of light, and now continues to make advances into the x-ray world.
- 8
Why Was Pluto Demoted? The Story of Pluto, Sedna, Eris, the Kuiper Belt, and the Dwarf Planet Debate
Though Pluto is no longer a planet, few know about the deep-space objects that were found which sparked that change.
- 4
How Can Clathrate Hydrates Be Used for Water Desalination?
Our world will run out of fresh water if we cannot find a way to purify other forms of water. Using these hydrates, a means to provide drinking water anywhere is achieved.
- 5
MOND and Other Theories on Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Dark matter and dark energy are still huge mysteries in astrophysics. Alternate theories exist to help explain them.
- 2
The Cassini-Huygens Space Probe and Its Mission to Explore Saturn and Its Rings
Inspired by its predecessors, the Cassini-Huygens mission aims to solve many of the mysteries surrounding Saturn.
- 0
Why Isn't There a Balance Between Matter and Antimatter?
According to current physics, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been created during the Big Bang, but yet it was not. No one knows for sure why, but many theories exist to explain it.
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How Does a Space Elevator Work?
Though a space elevator, we can have safe travel that relies not on rockets but on simple physics.
- 2
Negations, Conjunctions, Disjunctions, and De Morgan's Laws
Through the use of negations, conjunctions and disjunctions in logic, we can build up to De Morgan's Laws, a very powerful tool in logic.
- 5
Modus Ponens & Modus Tollens, With Examples
These two rules in symbolic logic help us make far-reaching conclusions about everyday problems.
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Connections Between Quine’s “Meaning and Truth” and Davidson’s “Truth and Meaning”
Frequently in philosophy, different papers can have common threads. These two philosophers have plenty of common ground that they both work on in an effort to uncover what truth is.
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Connections Between W.V. Quine's “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” and “Notes on the Theory of Reference”
Authors frequently build upon their works. This is especially true for philosophers, and Quine's works on pragmatism clearly demonstrate this.
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Connections Between James' "Pragmatism and Humanism" and "Pragmatism and Common Sense"
"Pragmatism and Humanism" and "Pragmatism and Common Sense" have many themes in common, building upon one another to create a new worldview.
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Connections Between Peirce's "Some Consequences of Four Incapacities" and "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"
Though it may seem unlikely, these two philosophy papers have much common-ground and build upon one another.
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Will We Have A Lack of Helium Around the World?
Though not a problem we all think of, we are running out of helium. What can we do about it?
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The Kepler Space Telescope and Its Mission to Discover Exoplanets
Known for the ability to find alien worlds, the Kepler Space Telescope has changed our way of thinking of the universe. But how was it built?
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How Are Galaxies and Constellations Alike and Different?
Though both are ways to talk about groupings in the sky, galaxies and constellations have many distinguishing features.
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Johannes Kepler and the Proof of His First Planetary Law
Through famous for his namesake, the Kepler Space Telescope, Johannes Kepler is more renowned for his Three Planetary Laws. It was through the proof of the First that his skill was made plain.
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How Was Cygnus X-1 and Black Holes Discovered?
Now a commonly-accepted object, black holes were for centuries a hypothetical singularity. So how did we discover the first one?
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Early Proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem by Leonardo Da Vinci, Ptolemy, Thabit ibn Qurra, and Garfield
Though we all know how to use the Pythagorean Theorem, few know of the many proofs that accompany this theorem. Many of them have ancient and surprising origins.
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What Are Irrational Numbers?
These numbers are an important concept in mathematics and are key to understanding real quantities.
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What is the Difference Between Matter and Antimatter?
Though they may seem to be similar concepts, many features make matter and antimatter different.
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What Is a Warp Drive and a Warp Bubble, or the Key to FTL Travel Around the Universe
The possible gateway to interstellar travel, warp mechanics govern how this will be possible.