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2021-10-13

The Oldest Words in Existence

Words are the building blocks of language, the medium we use to express ideas and communicate with one another. Words vary quite a bit from language to language, and today, there are over 6,000 unique languages spoken worldwide. This was not always the case. 

Many of the languages now in use are thought to be descendent from one or more common, ancestral languages. A 2013 study led by Mark Pagel of the University of Reading's School of Biological Sciences sought to identify the oldest words—those whose meanings and pronunciations have existed in some form or another for longer than any others. 

Prager and team eventually isolated 23 words that they believe date back 15,000 years to the most recent ice age. As would be expected, many of these were pronouns and other common, functional words (e.g., I, thou, we, who, that, this, to, etc.). The remaining words—mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs—serve as a sort of time capsule that highlights some of the most important concepts discussed by ancient humans that are still around today. Check them out below. 

  • Nouns: Man, mother, hand, fire, bark, ashes, worm
  • Verbs: To hear, to pull, to flow, to spit
  • Adjectives: Male, old, black

Worm is one of the oldest human words? Who knew. Speaking of worms, if you need to gather some for fishing or composting, check out " 6 Guaranteed Ways to Get Worms out of the Ground Fast" by Meagan Ireland on SkyAboveUs

Image Credit: Bradley Dunn via Unsplash; Canva

Pro Tips

Coordinate Adjectives vs. Cumulative Adjectives

Sometimes, multiple adjectives in a row are separated by commas. In other cases, they are not. This all depends on whether the adjectives are coordinate or cumulative.

When the adjectives modifying a noun are coordinate, they are independent—that is, they each modify the noun only, not each other. Coordinate adjectives are separated by commas. Here are some examples:

  • The cold, dark, stormy night 
  • A friendly, eight-year-old mutt
  • Three sharp, jagged, purple crystals

When an adjective modifies another adjective or a noun that is already modified by an adjective, the adjectives are cumulative. In other words, the adjectives build off of each other, so they only make sense in a specific order. When this is the case, the adjectives are not separated by commas. Here are some examples:

  • This bright blue sky
  • The last true frontier
  • A perfect family film 

Image Credit: Canva

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Dakota Newman, From Chicago, Illinois, 2 Fans, 19 Hubs, Joined 3 months ago

Dakota Newman

Dakota is a dedicated pet keeper and a newer member of the HubPages community. Check out his articles about rabbit longevity and aquarium care on PetHelpful

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  HubPages Fun Fact: Worms live about two years on average but can sometimes live as long as eight years. They don't have lungs; worms breathe through their skin!
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