ArtsAutosBooksBusinessEducationEntertainmentFamilyFashionFoodGamesGenderHealthHolidaysHomeHubPagesPersonal FinancePetsPoliticsReligionSportsTechnologyTravel

Reproduction in plants

Updated on March 31, 2015

Reproduction in plants

Reproduction in plants
Reproduction in plants | Source

Reproduction in plants

Plants are very useful to us. Life cannot exist without plants. That's why we should grow more and more plants. But how do plants grow ? Let us read how new plants grow.

Reproduction is a process in pants and living beings by which they produce young ones of their own kind.

There are three methods of reproduction in plants:

  1. From seeds.
  2. From spores.
  3. Vegetative propagation (from body parts)

Reproduction in plants

Reproduction in plants
Reproduction in plants

Reproduction in plants from seeds

Flowers are the reproductive organ of a plant. Flowers grow into fruits. Fruits contain seeds. Seeds germinate to grow into plants. All seeds do not grow into a plant. Some seeds are eaten by animals; some seeds are destroyed by rain or wind; some seeds do not get right soil or enough air and water.

Parts of seeds

Parts of seeds
Parts of seeds | Source

Parts of a seed

A seed has two main parts:

1.Seed coat:

It is the outer protective covering which protects the baby plant inside the seed. It has a tiny hole through which the seed gets water.

2. Seed leaves or cotyledons:


They contain food for a growing baby plant.


Germination

The development of a seed into a seedling (baby plant) is called germination. When the seeds get proper air, water and warmth (sunlight), they germinate to form a new plant.

Germination is one of the most important process in the cycle of reproduction in plants.

Germination

Germination
Germination | Source

Stages of germination

Seed absorbs water from the soil. As a result, the seed coat becomes soft. It breaks up and baby root comes out. It develops and goes deep into the soil. Baby shoot develops and grows towards the sunlight. Gradually, the shoot grows and tiny leaves appear on it. When the leaves grow, they start preparing their own food. The new plant produces flowers which grow into fruits. Fruits contain seeds. Under suitable condition of air, water and warmth, these seeds germinate and grow into new plants. In this way the cycle of reproduction in plants continues.

Dispersal of seeds

The scattering of seeds to different places away from the mother plant is called dispersal of seeds. Agents like air, water, animals, birds, human beings and explosion help in dispersal of seeds.

Dispersal helps the seeds to reach the suitable place where they get enough air, water and warmth needed for their germination. It prevents the overcrowding of seeds near the mother plant. Thus helps in reproduction of plants.

Agents of dispersal

1. Wind

Seeds of madar, cotton and maple are light in weight. They have wings and hair which help them to move away to far-off places with wind.

2. Water

Coconuts are hollow from inside with a fibrous covering. This makes them float in water. The lotus has a spongy part which enables it to float on water.

3. Animals

Animals and human beings eat fruits and throw their seeds here and there. Some seeds stick to the bodies of animals as they have hooks, thorns or stiff hair. In this way, they reach far-off places with the help of animals, e.g., xanthium and cocklebur. Birds swallow some seeds and these seeds are passed out in their droppings.

4. Explosion

Fruits of peas, balsam and lady's finger burst open when dry. Theur seeds are thus thrown away with a great force.


Agents of dispersal

From spores

Plants like fern and mosses reproduce through spores. These are non-flowering plants. They do not have fruits and seeds. They produce spores which germinate under suitable conditions and grow into new plants.

Vegetative propagation

In some plants, reproduction does not take place from seeds, but new plants grow from body part like root, stem, leaves, etc. This type of reproduction in plants is called vegetative propagation.

Plants growing from roots

Plants growing from roots
Plants growing from roots | Source

Plants growing from roots

Plants like sweet potato, beetroot, etc. develop from the root of the parent plant.

Plants growing from stems

Onion, potato and ginger are stems that grow underground. New plants grow from them. The stem of the onion is known as bulb. A potato has buds called 'eyes'. Any part of potato has 'eyes' on it can grow into a new plant.

Sometimes new plants grow from the stem cutting of the parent plant like rose, sugarcane and hibiscus.

Plants growing from leaves

Plants like bryophyllum reproduce through leaves of the parent plant.

Crops, fruits and vegetables

We eat different kinds of crops, fruits and vegetables. They all need different types of soil, temperature and water for their proper growth.

In India, farmers grow two types of crops:

1. Rabi crops :

Crops grown in winter are called rabi crops, e.g., wheat and gram.

2. Kharif crops :

Crops grown in summer are called kharif crops, e.g., rice, maize, jowar and bajra.

Different plants require different kinds of soil to grow.

CROPS
SOIL
STATE
1. Rice, jute
Clayey soil
West bengal, Orissa, Kerala
2. Wheat
Loamy soil
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
3. Cotton
Black soil
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh
4. Jowar, bajra
Sandy soil
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan
5. Tea
Mountain soil
Assam, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka

Apart from crops, fruits and vegetables are also grown in India. Vegetables like brinjal, lady's finger and gourd are grown in summer. Vegetables like radish, cabbage and cauliflower are grown in winter.

Himachal Pradesh is known as the apple state in India. It is famous for its high quality apples.

Nagpur is famous for orange. Kerala is known as the land of coconuts.

Maharashtra is known for its alphonso mangoes.

Methods of getting healthy crops

  1. Soil should be prepared well.
  2. Healthy seeds should be used.
  3. Manure and fertilisers should be added.
  4. Soil should be irrigated at the proper time.

Protection of crops

  1. Fencing should be done to protect crops from grazing animals.
  2. Fungicides and weedicides should be used to protect crops from fungus and weeds.
  3. Insecticides and pesticides should be used to protect crops from insects and pests.

Storage of crops

The harvested crops should be stored in dry, waterproof and insect-proof containers.

Fruits and vegetables should be packed in cardboard boxes with insect killing medicines.

Remember

  1. The process of giving birth to young ones by living things of their own kind is called reproduction. When this process occurs in plants, it is called reproduction in plants.
  2. Seeds germinate to grow into a plant.
  3. The development of a seed into a seedling is called germination.
  4. The scattering of seeds to different places with the help of wind, water, animals, etc. is called dispersal of seeds.
  5. The development of a new plant from a stem or leaf is called vegetative propagation.
  6. Good quality seeds, manure and irrigarion help to get good crops.
  7. Harvested crops should be dried and stored in air-tight containers.

working

This website uses cookies

As a user in the EEA, your approval is needed on a few things. To provide a better website experience, hubpages.com uses cookies (and other similar technologies) and may collect, process, and share personal data. Please choose which areas of our service you consent to our doing so.

For more information on managing or withdrawing consents and how we handle data, visit our Privacy Policy at: https://corp.maven.io/privacy-policy

Show Details
Necessary
HubPages Device IDThis is used to identify particular browsers or devices when the access the service, and is used for security reasons.
LoginThis is necessary to sign in to the HubPages Service.
Google RecaptchaThis is used to prevent bots and spam. (Privacy Policy)
AkismetThis is used to detect comment spam. (Privacy Policy)
HubPages Google AnalyticsThis is used to provide data on traffic to our website, all personally identifyable data is anonymized. (Privacy Policy)
HubPages Traffic PixelThis is used to collect data on traffic to articles and other pages on our site. Unless you are signed in to a HubPages account, all personally identifiable information is anonymized.
Amazon Web ServicesThis is a cloud services platform that we used to host our service. (Privacy Policy)
CloudflareThis is a cloud CDN service that we use to efficiently deliver files required for our service to operate such as javascript, cascading style sheets, images, and videos. (Privacy Policy)
Google Hosted LibrariesJavascript software libraries such as jQuery are loaded at endpoints on the googleapis.com or gstatic.com domains, for performance and efficiency reasons. (Privacy Policy)
Features
Google Custom SearchThis is feature allows you to search the site. (Privacy Policy)
Google MapsSome articles have Google Maps embedded in them. (Privacy Policy)
Google ChartsThis is used to display charts and graphs on articles and the author center. (Privacy Policy)
Google AdSense Host APIThis service allows you to sign up for or associate a Google AdSense account with HubPages, so that you can earn money from ads on your articles. No data is shared unless you engage with this feature. (Privacy Policy)
Google YouTubeSome articles have YouTube videos embedded in them. (Privacy Policy)
VimeoSome articles have Vimeo videos embedded in them. (Privacy Policy)
PaypalThis is used for a registered author who enrolls in the HubPages Earnings program and requests to be paid via PayPal. No data is shared with Paypal unless you engage with this feature. (Privacy Policy)
Facebook LoginYou can use this to streamline signing up for, or signing in to your Hubpages account. No data is shared with Facebook unless you engage with this feature. (Privacy Policy)
MavenThis supports the Maven widget and search functionality. (Privacy Policy)
Marketing
Google AdSenseThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Google DoubleClickGoogle provides ad serving technology and runs an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Index ExchangeThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
SovrnThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Facebook AdsThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Amazon Unified Ad MarketplaceThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
AppNexusThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
OpenxThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Rubicon ProjectThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
TripleLiftThis is an ad network. (Privacy Policy)
Say MediaWe partner with Say Media to deliver ad campaigns on our sites. (Privacy Policy)
Remarketing PixelsWe may use remarketing pixels from advertising networks such as Google AdWords, Bing Ads, and Facebook in order to advertise the HubPages Service to people that have visited our sites.
Conversion Tracking PixelsWe may use conversion tracking pixels from advertising networks such as Google AdWords, Bing Ads, and Facebook in order to identify when an advertisement has successfully resulted in the desired action, such as signing up for the HubPages Service or publishing an article on the HubPages Service.
Statistics
Author Google AnalyticsThis is used to provide traffic data and reports to the authors of articles on the HubPages Service. (Privacy Policy)
ComscoreComScore is a media measurement and analytics company providing marketing data and analytics to enterprises, media and advertising agencies, and publishers. Non-consent will result in ComScore only processing obfuscated personal data. (Privacy Policy)
Amazon Tracking PixelSome articles display amazon products as part of the Amazon Affiliate program, this pixel provides traffic statistics for those products (Privacy Policy)
ClickscoThis is a data management platform studying reader behavior (Privacy Policy)