The Holy Bible: an Overview
The Name: Holy Bible
The Bible
The name, 'Bible' originally came from the Greek, and then from the Latin, biblia, meaning 'papyrus' or 'paper' and hence 'books.' The Christian Bible is usually divided into two parts, the Old Testament and the New Testament, meaning the old and new covenants that were made between God and man.
The early Scriptures were written by hand on clay, stone tablets, or wood. Later, parchment, or animal skin, or paper, which was first made in egypt from papyrus reeds were used. The writing on parchment or paper was arranged in groups of four columns across long strips of paper or parchment. These strips were then rolled up into scrolls that were curled around at each end. There were no divisions of chapters and verses as we have today and the writers did not use any punctuation. All these things have been added over the centuries to make it easier for us to understand and to help us to find the sections that we want.
In Jesus' time, the Scriptures that they used were hand-written, mostly in Hebrew and copied onto scrolls and these included what we now know as the Old Testament. Put together, they made up twenty-four books. These scrolls were known as the 'Holy Scriptures' and it was not until the Old Testament began to come together as one book that the twenty-four books were arranged a little differently and expanded into thirty-nine books. This came to be known as the Hebrew Bible.
Later still, the twenty-seven books of the New Testament were added to make a total of sixty-six books of the Protestant Bible. Although the common language used by Jesus and His disciples was Aramaic, these books were written in the more formal Greek.
The number of books that different churches included in their Bibles varied according to the church that was using them; they were not all the same and that situation remains today. The Bibles of the Catholics, and this includes Anglican and Episcopal churches, incorporate the Apocrypha, which usually adds eighteen extra books; some of these are brief, but it adds up to eighty-four books. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Bible has eighty-one books.
The Holy Bible
The word 'Holy' was not added to the name of 'Bible' until much more recent times, although most of the books that make up the Bible have long been regarded as the inspired word of God.
Some Interesting Facts:
- Chapters: For ease of use and reference, the books of the Bible were divided into chapters by Stephen Langton in the 1200s.
- Verses: The chapters of the Bible were divided into verses in the 1500s by the French printer Robert Estienne.
- Mass Printing: The Bible was the first mass printed book in the world. About one hundred and eighty copies of what became known as the Gutenberg Bible were printed.
- The First Printed Bible: The first Bible to be printed was in Mainz, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg invented a printing press in 1440 in Mainz, Germany.
- Gutenberg's Printing Press: He introduced movable type and this remained in use for printing until late in the twentieth century.
- Black Print Only: Gutenberg began to print the first Bibles in 1452, but they were not completed until 1455. The press only used black ink and all the red lettering and beautifully painted illuminations were added by hand later.
The final Christian Holy Bible differs for the Catholic, Orthodox and Christian churches. The Protestant Bible omits the Apocrypha and is composed of the Old Testament contained in the Jewish Bible, and the New Testament. The Catholic and Orthodox churches include the Apocrypha, or deuterocanonical books.
Books of the Old Testament
The Books of the Old Testament tell the history - His story - of God's relationship with His people from the creation of the world, their creation and fall, the need for laws and rules, those who broke them, those who encouraged the people to mend their relationship with God and His promise of a coming Messiah.
In the Protestant Bible that many use today the Books have been arranged in the following order:
The Books of the Law:
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
These books are also known by their Hebrew name, the Tora, and their Greek name, the Pentateuch. it is believed that they were written by Moses. Although they contain the Law and various rules, they also contain sermons, history and family trees. They tell how God redeemed the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt and led them to the land He had promised.
The Books of History:
- The Former Prophets: Joshua, Judges, (Ruth), 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings.
- The Writings: 1Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, (Esther).
- The Wisdom Books: Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon.
As well as being the history of Israel, the books of the Former Prophets tell the story of the relationship between God and His people over a period of about eight hundred years. The Writings describe the events in order of time. The books of poetry and songs are known as Wisdom books. They include allegory and parable and deep, useful statements to help on life's journey.
The Prophets:
- The Major Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel.
- The Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, amos, Obadiah, Johan, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.
The seventeen books of the prophets include sermons, visions and Jewish history. They cover several centuries from 800 - 300 BC, and extend from the prophets before the exile to during it and well after it. The books of the twelve Minor prophets are shorter but no less important.
Books of the Apocrypha
The Books of the Apocrypha are not always accepted as the inspired word of God but there is much in them that is well worth reading. The word 'Apocrypha' means 'hidden'; the Books are outside the canon. However, most were found in the Greek Old Testament Scriptures, but not in the Hebrew, and as the early church used the more universal Greek, they used these Books along with the rest of Scripture for teaching and preaching.
It was not until the time of Martin Luther that they were omitted from the Bible. These Books were mostly written in the period after the last Old Testament Book and before New Testament times, so they fill a gap and are correctly placed between the two Testaments. The number of books included in the Apocrypha vary with different churches, but they are still used by Catholic and Orthodox churches.
- Section a: Tobit, Judith, Additions to Esther, Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus or the Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach, Baruch, The Letter of Jeremiah, The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Jews, Susanna, Bel and the Dragon, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees.
- Section b: 1 Esdras, Prayer of Manasseh, Psalm 151, 3 Maccabees.
- Section c: 2 Esdras
- Section d: 4 Maccabees
Books of the New Testament
The twenty-seven Books of the New Testament have also been arranged in order. They record the coming of the promised Messiah who is the New Covenant between God and humankind, the birth and growth of the church and the future of humankind.
The Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
The History: The Acts of the Apostles
The Epistles, or Letters:
- The Letters Written by Paul: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 1 Timothy, Titus, Philemon
- The General Epistles: Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude.
The Apocalypse: The Revelation to John
Translations of the Holy Bible
Today there are numerous translations of the Bible. In English, there are many versions available that can be used for different purposes, for learning, devotion, worship, study and research.
Thanks to the efforts of organizations such as The Bible Society and Wycliffe Bible Translators - and individual mission workers - the Bible has been translated into over 1,500 languages, with about the same number being worked on at present. With the aim of having the Bible in every language of the world, there is still a long way to go as there are an estimated 6,800 languages in use at the moment. Just as, in the days before the invention of printing whole Bibles were so carefully copied by hand with very few mistakes, so the work of translation today is lengthy and much care is taken to be accurate.
Did you know that more Bibles are sold in the world than any other book? The Holy Bible is the perennial World's Best Seller!
Postscript
I've just heard about this new overview course of the Bible by Ridley College and it looks great. Do have a look:
Comments
Wonderful effort, fine responding commentaries. You got everyone thinking. This is to be perused and treasured on my scriptures bookshelf. Thanks, D.
Thank you. I shall wait.
BlossomSB, Allow me then to invite comments from others who are concerned.
BlossomSB Thank you. Discussion FOR and AGAINST my comments will be more refreshing and welcome even if long overdue. Help!
Great and informative hub. I had to bookmark for future reference
According to the terms of the "new covenant", the primary CHOICE faced by today's Christian is between personally revealed knowledge of God himself and the Bible.
I choose the former!
The "Holy Bible" is a publisher’s misnomer which has famously suppressed God’s last defining moment of holiness, i.e., His direct and personal revelation, based on but independent of the Bible, e.g., Christ’s death on the cross.
Being vital, the distinction is integrated into the knowledge of God centered terms and seal of the “new covenant” to inspire people rather than more books which retain their historical values.
P.S. Since God is literally with us, who needs the Bible except for secondary reference?
The "final authority" of the Bible is not in tact since "God's home is now with mankind" according to the terms in the "new covenant" sealed in Christ's diacritical death.
Any objections?
BlossomSB, God bless you!
It is a rare pleasure to take part in a hub most constructively hosted in the "complete freedom" characterized by the " new and living way" into the house of God through the death of Jesus! Thank you.
Blossom, I can't believe I missed this. Special blessing on you for this excellent piece of work! Congratulations on the HOD award.
Blossom SB,
I cannot over-emphasize what Christianity has lost today by forfeit, viz.: the unprecedented benefits of being in tune with the development in the Holy Bible, a.k.a., "life in all its fullness" in Paradise, by virtue of God's personal presence among mankind as literally defined in the kind of death Christ suffered.
Some POINTERS are the following. (John 12: 30-32; Luke 23: 40-43)
The real PROOF is verifiable only by "People looking at him whom they pierced". (John 19: 34-37)
God bless you.
Oscarlites: Thanks God for our agreement!
From the beginning, the Bible also draws a secure distinction between the written word and the living word, a.k.a., "life-giving Spirit", now found again in the least expected of times and places, viz.: Christ's death on the cross! Amen!
Thank you for your work...I thoroughly enjoyed reading this piece and grabbed some gold nuggets along the way. I was blessed.
Awesome. You did such a great job. I really enjoyed this Hub. :)
Ephram; thanks. yes I agree the "Word" is not just dependent on the "book ". Scripture says that Jesus was the "living Word that came down from Heaven". It says not one jot nor tittle shall change/end until all its ( prophecies) come to pass. Also that these truths are protected by God himself; we are not to add to or take away from its truths; from its words; from its meanings; God meant what he meant and meant what he said. grave responsibiity goes along with our possession of these divine things. the book itself is a "written record" of a far more indelible and Living Word. Word that He can prompt into our hearts by the holy spirit. Word that will never change; But yet a word that will be fulfilled, all the way to our entrance into eternal life: I agree with this post, and comfortb you are correct ; men and politics try to alter subtly, each translation. But the Word of the Lord standeth sure; having this seal; "The Lord knoweth them that are His". thanks BlossomSB!
ComfortB, I really appreciate your having taken the time to answer my questions. It means a great deal to me. Now I have a better idea of how to research these questions even more fully. Blossom is probably busy playing "catch up," so I didn't necessarily expect an answer. Thank you!!
@savvydating - If I may, and I hope blossomsb doesn't mind me answering your question, I believe, and I've read somewhere that Martin Luther excluded some books in putting the Bible together because the integrity of those text in comparison to other known ancients accounts was questionable.
As for the bible version that is preferred, the King James Version (or the New King James) of the bible is the most preferred version as it is the one closest to the original Hebrew and Greek text account (though a lot more difficult to understand for some, due to the use of old English). Plus, some of the other version have been drastically changed that the interpretation are sometimes so far removed from what was originally intended in the ancient written texts.
Another thing to consider is some latest bible version employed scholars whose religious and political affiliations and views are reflected in their interpretation of the bible version, thus distorting the true meaning of the texts.
As you study the bible, pray that God, the Holy Spirit will give you understanding, and the grace to do as He will. Stay blessed.
Oscarlites: I do hope we agree that the "godspel" is something that underlies the book rather than the book itself.
The alternative is nothing less than bibliomancy or fortune-telling!
Many many people use this book to live by. Its amazing. the gospel was first referred to as "godspel". It is alive. there are revelations of truth for every searcher. Great is the Lord and greatly to be praised. He is the God of Heaven and of the whole earth.. He is without beginning and without ending. His Word standeth Forever.
There is the greatest risk in overlooking the following CHALLENGE.
The missing link today is the consistent testimony of the Holy Bible itself, viz.: the sovereign authority of Jesus Christ, i.e., his perpetual self-revelations as “source of life”, a.k.a., “the faithful witness, the first-born from the dead” both to baptize with the Holy Spirit and make more disciples.
Thank you Nancy for your answer and that seems to be make sense in the way you explained it with intelligence, heart and articulate passion.
Blossom I really liked the way you introduced the Bible without committing yourself to any certain religion. The Bible is the most purchased book and the least read hahahhaaaa to bad right should be read all the time. You did a good historical over view thank you.
In answer to epigramman, which I am taking the liberty too answer lol Adam and Eve had lots of children, and with all being in as close to perfection as could be even after they had eaten of the fruit and sinned they could marry and not have to problems that we have today because of so far from perfection leads to abnormalties that are seen today in inter marrying. That is the only way mankind could procreate. God told them to go and fill the earth, so how else could this happen. There were no other people at that time. Hope that helps.
What I would like to know, respectfully speaking, if anyone on this page has an answer or the author of this page - There was Adam and Eve, right. And they had Cain and Abel. Where did all of the other people come from?
Thank you for clearing this up for me.
Neat breakdown of the Bible. Well done. Congrats on HOTD! Well done!
Hi BlossomSB, If you choose to respond, do you know why Martin Luther excluded some books? Also, if I may ask, do you know which version of the Bible is most respected by Biblical scholars and why? I am currently involved in a Bible study. Are there some translations pretty much rejected out of hand by scholars? If you don't have time to answer, it's OK. Thought I'd ask anyway! :)
Awesome overview of the Bible. Congratulations on your hub!!
You appear to have a great amount of knowledge when to the Bible. Great Hub!
A very well written overview of the Holy Bible. Clear and concise. Will be a great tool for anyone trying to know the history and books of the Bible.
Congrats on the HOTD award.
Great piece of work. Thanks and God bless you.
Great piece of work. Thanks.
great hub, no doubt. thanks for the work, but maybe i was expecting a little bite more history on the origin of the bible, like who oversaw the compilation of the many separate books that made up the bible as we know it today, what criteria was used in the selection of both the Jewish scripture and the christian testament and the date. but all the same the hub was informative. congrats on your hub of the day. i voted it up.
Great hub, I too voted it up. It looks like you did a lot of research to state all the facts for each section that you wrote.
What an inspiration to what can be written in a hub!
Interesting Hub..thank you...the Old Testament points toward the Cross and the new Testament points back at the cross...thanks for the Hub
Blossom: Congratulations on being HOTD! This is so deserving of that accolade. You are HP's expert on the Bible that is for sure. I am coming to you with any questions I might have. This is a wonderful overview and explanation of the Bible. I knew some of this but not all of this. This is such a wonderful reference and I am bookmarking this. Again, congratulations on a well earned accolade, HOTD.
Congrats Blossom! You provided a lot of information on the most read, yet most misunderstood book in the world. What a paradox!
Congratulations Blossom on being HOTD on a truly worthwhile subject!
I am sure all of us here that know you and the quality of your work and your love of Jesus were mightily happy when we saw this as it is the Lords name being glorified.
well done hub+++++God Bless
A well researched and insightful article regarding the Bible, "the greatest story ever told". Your explanations were thorough and interesting. This was a pleasure to read. Congratulations on HOTD! Thanks for sharing. (Voted Up) -Rose
Great job. This is one hub that deserves to have won - hands down! Voted up and away. Thanks you!
A fantastic, insightful overview. Very impressive and well worth the HOTD. Congrats and thank you so much for sharing. Sharing and voted.
Interesting hub, very informative. Congrats on HOTD also!
What an impressive offering. Thank you for the great effort. :)
Blossom, you did a wonderful job with this Hub. A new Bible reader can use this advice to find his or her way around it. Additionally, I was surprised and thrilled to see it it HOD.
Great overview... one thing I tell the beginners class is to use the the table of contents, do not be ashamed that you do not know where a book is located.
This is a good overview, Blossom! And the last photo really caught my eye. The Bible is a taboo bookie in a lot of places these days, but I read banned books! :-)
Blossom,
It was a pleasure hearing from you today, and your uplifting comments. You are truly a lovely person and this hub was delightful to read, I have not known this information till now and it is good to know. Thank you very much. It's interesting how you explained that (all) the books are the bible are valuable, so any version, Catholic or KJV, etc are good? I've been reading the KJV. What version do you think is the best?
The book are fascinating, as you describe them in their categories, from Paul's epistles to Job, and the Psalms, there's something for every mood, distress, feeling, and need of advice, is why always we come to God's word for comfort, wisdom, consolation, etc.
Lovely hub, hope to see more of you. Thanks
A very good article. The bible is well worth reading, you will always find an answer there.
Thank you for sharing.
This is a wonderful reference hub that should be a "bookmark" on everybody's browser. Thanks, B. Going to share.
Wow or Hubwow - I must admit the title caught my eye and it's a pretty heavyweight overview too but as handled by you dear kind lady from down under I must say you wrote this introduction with the labor of your unconditional love and world class journalistic approach. Thank you for your research here and I've been enlightening by one of the greatest books of all time (other than my new one at Kindle direct, lol) by someone as lovely and talented as you.
Sending you warm wishes from Colin and his cats at lake erie time ontario canada 4:45pm
p.s. - sharing this with a link on my Facebook page
BlossomSB: Thank you for your rebuttal.
As referenced, I am merely obeying the terms and seal of the "new covenant", based on personal "visions" of God and teaching by "revelations". We have suppressed the knowledge of God by our unauthorized canon of the New Testament books which have their historical value anyway!
God bless you too!
The New Testament books are characterized by questionable marks of canonicity, constructed by early theologians and the church, in direct disobedience to God’s verifiably Spirit-only, Scripture-free, irrevocable terms and “seal”, a.k.a., "the kind of death Jesus suffered", bringing all men back to the starting point, i.e., Paradise or life in all its fullness.
(Jer. 31: 31-34; Matt. 26: 26-29, 64; 27: 50-56; Luke 2: 25-35; 23: 40-43)
informative, interesting, and well presented article of the Word of God and its historical background. I very much enjoyed the read and most enjoyed your final fact about the Bible being a "perennial World Best Seller".
An interesting read as I have read the bible right through. I also do continual study of the scriptures.
A pity God's name has been omitted from many translations. It does define which God one refers to as his word.
Have a nice day!
This is a well written, interesting, and informative Hub.
Hello blossomsB.
Many will be blessed to know more about the Bible. Glory to God for letting humanity to know , what He knew that we need to know.
Voted up and useful.
May the blessings of The Lord , be upon you.
Well written and informative hub. You provided an excellent overview of the Bible and the structure of your hub is quite easy to read.
I agree with MHatter and have always wondered how anyone could be against a bible living Christian, for if there were no God and of course we know there is, going by that book would make this world a perfect place. I enjoyed your write and some facts I didn't know i will now look into. Thank you!
I needed this, so much controversy! Thank you for sharing your research with us. I am a believer in God..
Blossom- This Hub is a true gift for those in search of bible history. A time well spent.
God Bless
Very well done and many interesting facts presented about the history of the Bible!
Fantastic hub, Blossom! It's incredible to think that the Bible has been translated in more than 1,500 languages!
Thank you for sharing your knowledge!
Great job. Many people do not have the basic knowledge and you did a wonderful job of giving it to them.
Very well done. Just right.
Very informative...great job, I learned a lot here today..bookmarking this hub for future reference.
I would love to see the younger generation read this hub.. it may open their eyes to an old but.. a brand new concept for them.. very well written and easy to follow blossoms you are always on top of your hubs..:)
This is so informative and well written, my friend. Thank you for sharing this fine work and may our God bless you and yours on this fine day. whonu
You did an extraordinary job explaining the Bible. You broke it down very well and with good organization of facts. Very well written hub. Voted up and interesting.
This is an awesome hub Blossom. Thank you for sharing this overview with us, in this hub. Voted up, awesome and interesting, sharing!
Wonderful hub, Blossom. I agree with both Faith and Martin. This is truly excellent work; even if one is not a beliver (I am a believer), there is much to be learned from the Bible. Bless you. :-)
Excellent work! One other point which use to get me in trouble in bible study: the bible hold truths even if one doesn't believe in God. (I'm a believer). Try it, Take any book and take God out of the picture, there is still a valuable lesson.
Wow, Blossom, I saw that title, and I thought . . . an overview of the whole Holy Bible? And you did it! Very well done here!
Voted up ++++ and sharing of course!
God bless you, Faith Reaper
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