Black Death was a devastating plague that struck Europe in the late 14th century. It received its name from the black spots that appeared on the skins of its victims. The Black Death was bubonic plague or its more virulent relative, pneumonic... read more
Interesting to note, the Black Death accelerated existing economic trends... the death of many workers created a labor shortage and a rise in wages. Many landowners commuted labor services to money rents in order to keep their tenants.
Rural desolation impoverished many of the nobility. In England and Spain, marginal lands were often converted to grazing, which required less labor than farming. Commutation and rising wages benefited the peasant and artisans. However, the ruling classes invoked the state's aid in their own behalf. In England the Statute of Labourers (1351) fixed wages and prices at the 1348 level and forbade migration of laborers. Ruthless punishments failed to enforce conformity, however. Castile and France had similar legislation, but did not attempt enforcement.
Wages in England rose 80% during the 14th century, but prices of consumer goods doubled, worsening the lot of urban workers.
The political repercussions of the Black Death are difficult to measure. England and France, in the throes of the Hundred Years' War, saw their national revenues decline as war demands mounted. Economic disruption, combined with psychological shock, increased political instability.
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